Antimicrobial activity of liquid residues of Cymbopogon citratus oil extracts

Abstract

Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) is a type of medicinal herb that widely used in Asia. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of liquid residues of ethanolic and aqueous Cymbopogon citratus oil extracts. Residues of ethanolic and aqueous Cymbopogon citratus oil extracts were used to study their antimicrobial activities for Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans which were isolated from burned skin of patients suffering from burns at Medical City Hospital/Specialist burns Unit/Baghdad. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were measured for all microorganisms using microtitre plates and Resazurin dye by a spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The components of liquid residues were detected by phytochemical tests; and the concentrations of Iodine were determined by Ion Chromatography. The antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH method. The liquid residues of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lemongrass showed antimicrobial effect against all the test microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanolic extraction of Cymbopogon citratus contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenols, Saponins, Terpenes, Tannins, Fatty acids and Couarins, but no Seroids, volatile oil and Emodins. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of ethanolic extract for Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were 12.5, 12.5, 12.5 and 25µl/mL respectively. The extracts of lemongrass residues due to their phytochemical contents and pharmacological activity seem to be highly effective against some pathogenic microorganisms in the inflamed skin. It can be suggested that these extracts may be used for skin treatment in burned patients infected with pathogenic microorganisms.

Biological Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoaggregates Prepared from the Aqueous Extract of Cymbopogon citratus against Candida spp.

“…There are few studies that state the anti-candida properties of the aqueous extract of C. citratus; most of them studied the EO extract rather than any formulations. A previous study showed that the water and ethanolic extracts of C. citratus oils inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and C. albicans at 12.5% [44]. Multiple studies showed that the C. citratus EO extract revealed significant inhibition of biofilm formation of C. tropicalis at MIC 90 of 2.5 µL/mL [45,46], C. albicans at MIC 90 of 2.5 µL/mL [20,46], C. krusei, C. parapsilosis MIC90 of 2.5 µL/mL [46], and C. glabrata [46,47].…”

“…All these studies agree with the current findings about the anti-candida effects of C. citratus. Another study showed that the residues of ethanolic and aqueous C. citratus EO extracts had a significant inhibitory effect against C. albicans due to the phytochemical composition rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, terpenes, tannins, fatty acids, and couarins [44]. Also, C. citratus EO extracts induced a ZOI diameter of 18.00-2.46 mm in the growth of C. krusei, which was thought to be because of its strong antioxidant activity (84%) [48].…”

Short Communication: Antimicrobial of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) volatile oil and cytotoxic effects against L20B and MCF-7cell lines

“…The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the diameters of inhibition zones for each strain. The same protocol proceeded after disc saturation with the same concentration of both plant extract; the crud and the essential oil in each experiment were repeated twice (Mohammed et al 2020).…”

In vitro antibacterial activity of andrographolide and hordenine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus

“…After the incubation at 37 o C for 18 to 24 h, 20 µL of the resazurin dye (0.015 per cent) was added to all the wells to determine the dye reduction (from purple to pink) and thereby the bacterial inhibition. The lowest concentrations of andrographolide and hordenine without visible growth were designated as MIC (Mohammed et al, 2020). The experiment was repeated thrice.…”