Antimicrobial Activity of Photodynamic Therapy Against Microorganisms Isolated From Deep Carious Lesions

Antimicrobial activity of different disinfection methods against biofilms in root canals

“…The 48‐h incubation period proved long enough for the tested bacterial strains to build well‐formed biofilms on the investigated areas (Figure a–c).The etiology of the endodontic infections is usually polymicrobial. The commonly‐found bacteria in infected root canals include Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp . The most common etiological agent of endodontic infections, E. faecalis , is problematic because of its resistance to alkaline pH, all groups of cephalosporins and other antibiotics, and most of the substances used in endodontic treatment .…”

“…The commonly-found bacteria in infected root canals include Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. 2,13,27,28 The most common etiological agent of endodontic infections, E. faecalis, is problematic because of its resistance to alkaline pH, all groups of cephalosporins and other antibiotics, and most of the substances used in endodontic treatment. 11,15,23 Most bacteria are destroyed at pH 9.5.…”

“…In light of accumulating clinical evidence, new methods against clinically‐relevant bacterial biofilms are needed, particularly given the fact that biofilm‐forming microbes are responsible for approximately two‐thirds of human bacterial infections, including a very high percentage of endodontic infections . In recent years, a few new strategies of root canal disinfection for endodontic treatment have been introduced …”

“…8,9,17,18 In recent years, a few new strategies of root canal disinfection for endodontic treatment have been introduced. [23][24][25][26][27][28] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bactericidal action of different methods against microbial biofilms grown in root canals: laser therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), iontophoresis, and disinfection with irrigating solutions.…”

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct for treatment of deep carious lesions—A systematic review

“…Finally, seven eligible studies in English language published from 1 st January, 2011 until the 21 st June, 2016 were selected for the final review [14,[22][23][24][25][26]. One study consequently had to be excluded due to the inadequate description of microbiological sampling procedures [22]. Summarized information on the six remaining reports with regard to study design, treatment protocols, clinical and technical parameters, PS, laboratory assays, main outcomes and conclusions are listed in Tables 1-3.…”