Antimicrobial activity of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers

Abstract

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been investigated for their biological applications but their antibacterial activity has not been extensively explored. Thus, the fourth generation of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (PPI-G4) and PPI dendrimers with a surface modified by attaching maltose in 25% and 100% (PPI-25%mG4 and PPI-100%mG4, respectively) was evaluated for the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Cytotoxicity of all tested dendrimers was checked on a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line (B14), human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) and rat liver cell line (BRL-3A). The obtained results indicate that studied nano-sized macromolecules possess the greatest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. PPI G4 dendrimers modified with 25% of maltose display antibacterial activity and a striking selectivity toward S. aureus, at the concentrations, which are at the same time harmless for the eukaryotic cell lines. Moreover, at the higher concentrations of unmodified dendrimers efficient growth inhibition of S. epidermidis and C. albicans has been observed.

Formulation and characterization of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium dendrimer in poly(methyl methcarylate) bone cement

“…Many other mitigating agents including silver ions, nanoparticles, chitosan, quaternized chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been investigated with bone cements as mentioned in Table IV. However, in these reports a significantly higher amount of some of these release-based biocides has been used [37][38][39][40] while the present dendritic polymer not only acts Silicone rubber with a covalently coupled 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride (QAS)…”

Controlling macromolecular structures towards effective antimicrobial polymers

“…Longer alkyl chains (octyl and dodecyl) improved antimicrobial activity. Lisowska et al investigated the antibacterial and antifungal activity of PPI G4 dendrimers unmodified or modified by maltose [116]. PPI dendrimers had various levels of cationic charges on the surface depending on the medium.…”

Silver salts of carboxylic acid terminated generation 1 poly (propyl ether imine) (PETIM) dendron and dendrimers as antimicrobial agents against S. aureus and MRSA

“…13, 14 and 15 investigated in this study, were 52.1, 41.7, and 20.8 mg ml À1 against S. aureus respectively, while against MRSA they were 125.0, 26 and 62.5 mg ml À1 respectively (Table 1). 39 Polcyn et al also recently synthesised a range of modied dendrimers and interestingly, they too identied one particular dendrimer as having strong activity period, with the results being consistent throughout this time span, indicating that they have the potential for sustained antimicrobial activity. This may be a result of a high local concentration of silver ions available at the periphery of the PETIM silver salts.…”

“…36 Specic interactions (e.g. [38][39][40][41] Consequently, highly potent dendrimer based antibacterial agents have been synthesised. oligosaccharide based dendrimers), and preventing the initial attachment between bacteria/viruses and host cells.…”