Antimicrobial Activity of Smilax china L. Root Extracts against the Acne-Causing Bacterium, Cutibacterium acnes, and Its Active Compounds

Joo, Ji-Hae; Han, Min-Hui; Kim, Ja-I; Kim, Jong‐Eun; Jung, Kyung‐Hwan; Oh, Han Sun; Chung, Young Soo; An, Hyun Jin; Lee, Jae Duk; Moon, Gi-Seong; Lee, Hyang-Yeol

doi:10.3390/molecules27238331

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The high-speed homogenization method which is convenient and efficient as compared to low-energy emulsification, because of its limitation as it provides less energy, was applied to overcome the obstacles and limitations of the conventional formulation [72]. In this technique, a homogenizer provided high energy to the mixture which was kept in it to lower the particle size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Nanoemulsion of Smilax China for Anti-Psoriasis Activity

BODKE,

KUMBHAR,

BELWALKAR

et al. 2024

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The present investigation aimed to prepare a smilax china loaded nanoemulsion using tween 80 as a surfactant and propylene glycol as a co-surfactant. Formulation of such drugs in nanoparticulate drug delivery will be advantageous for reducing dosing frequency, longer residence time, improved permeation, and patient compliance. Methods: High-speed homogenization method. The smilax china oil was prepared by collecting the extract of smilax china leaves into the coconut oil and then used as a solvent. The authentication studies of smilax china and coconut oil were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics. The quantitative estimation and pre-formulation study of quercetin was carried out which has major anti-psoriatic properties. Surfactant and co-surfactant were selected and the solubility studies of oil and Surfactants were done. The nanoemulsion was characterized by particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (%). Results: This nanoemulsion provides the particle size and entrapment efficiency range between 80.52 to 89.78 nm and 68.66 to 70.16 % respectively. Batch SC1 showed the lowest particle size, PDI, and optimized drug entrapment effectiveness (%), indicating good particle size consistency within the remaining formulation batches. The optimized formulation SC 1 was found to be stable for 90 d. Conclusion: The formulated nanoemulsion showed significant antipsoriasis activity due to the presence of quercetin which has a rhetorical yield of 1.066 mg per 5 gm powder of smilax china leaves. Formulated smilax china-loaded nanoemulsion, has the potential as an effective antipsoriasis agent with a good spreading property with faster absorption which is beneficial for reducing drug concentration with maximum therapeutic effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Nanoemulsion of Smilax China for Anti-Psoriasis Activity

BODKE,

KUMBHAR,

BELWALKAR

et al. 2024

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…Specifically, these components exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and TLR-mediated NF-κB, STAT, or MAPK signaling [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Moreover, gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol have been previously reported to possess anti-acne vulgaris effects [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. These reports indicate that gallic acid, fisetin, quercetin, and kaempferol may be closely associated with the favorable anti-acne effects of FRO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of FRO on Acne Vulgaris Pathogenesis

Kim

Han

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease characterized by increased sebum production, inflammation, and Cutibacterium acnes (CA: formerly Propionibacterium acnes) hyperproliferation in pilosebaceous follicles. This study evaluated the efficacy of FRO, a formula composed of fermented Rhus verniciflua Stokes and Orostachys japonicus, against acne pathogenesis via antimicrobial assessment and an in vitro analysis. Stimulated model cells treated with hormones, CA, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were designed based on the characteristics of acne pathogenesis, including inflammation and sebum hypersecretion. High-performance liquid chromatography, disc diffusion, MTS, and western blotting assays were used to examine potential anti-acne effects. FRO was determined to contain phenolics such as gallic acid, fisetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. FRO exerted antimicrobial activity against CA and inhibited reactive oxygen species production that was otherwise increased by LPS or CA in HaCaT cells. Additionally, FRO exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, p-STAT-3, and p-NF-κB, which were previously upregulated by LPS or CA in THP-1 and HaCaT cells. FRO inhibited lipogenesis induced by steroid hormones and CA by decreasing FAS and SREBP-1 levels in sebocytes. Additionally, FRO down-regulated the androgen receptor, 5α-reductase, SREBP-1, and FAS levels, which were upregulated by steroid hormone in LNCaP cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that FRO alleviates acne by inhibiting the growth of CA, inflammation, and excess sebum and could be used for functional cosmetics or acne treatments.

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“…Particularly, the hexane and methanol extracts exhibited pronounced inhibition against B. subtilis and S. aureus (Gram-positive) within the concentration range of 25,000 to 200,000 µg•mL −1 , surpassing the inhibitory potency of the ethylacetate extract. Conversely, all the extracts demonstrated comparatively lower antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. It should be noted that the previously mentioned significant variations in MIC values found in the literature are also applicable to root extracts: Joo et al [49] reported that S. china root extracts exhibited strong antimicrobial activity (500 µg•mL…”

Section: Activity Of S Aspera and Other Smilax Spp Extractsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Smilax aspera L. Leaf and Fruit Extracts as Antibacterial Agents for Crop Protection

Fontana,

Sánchez-Hernández,

Martín-Ramos

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Smilax aspera L. (commonly known as sarsaparilla) is recognized for its composition rich in flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, steroidal saponins, stilbenoids, and tannins, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the hydromethanolic extracts of its leaves and fruits through vibrational spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, evaluating their potential as biorationals for safeguarding crops. Analysis of S. aspera leaf and fruit extracts revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as lactones and other furan derivatives. In vitro assessments against three phytopathogens—Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris—demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1500 μg·mL−1 for both extracts. Biofilm tests indicated that the leaf extract reduced biofilm formation by 78–85%, while the fruit extract led to a reduction of 73–92.5%. At a concentration of 750 µg·mL−1, the extracts caused a decrease in amylovoran synthesis by 41–58%. Additionally, noticeable alterations in membrane permeability were observed at MIC and MIC/2 doses. Subsequent in vivo trials conducted on Pyrus communis L. trees utilizing the combined aerial part extract yielded substantial protection against E. amylovora at a dose of 1500 μg·mL−1, reaching 80% wilting reduction for the leaf extract. The findings presented herein cast S. aspera extracts as a promising natural-based treatment against these bacterial phytopathogens.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Smilax china L. Root Extracts against the Acne-Causing Bacterium, Cutibacterium acnes, and Its Active Compounds

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Design and Development of Nanoemulsion of Smilax China for Anti-Psoriasis Activity

Design and Development of Nanoemulsion of Smilax China for Anti-Psoriasis Activity

Efficacy of FRO on Acne Vulgaris Pathogenesis

Smilax aspera L. Leaf and Fruit Extracts as Antibacterial Agents for Crop Protection

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