Antimicrobial Activity of Sorghum Phenolic Extract on Bovine Foodborne and Mastitis-Causing Pathogens

Schnur, Sydney E; Amachawadi, Raghavendra G.; Baca, Giovanna; Sexton-Bowser, Sarah; Rhodes, Davina H.; Smolensky, Dmitriy; Herald, Thomas J.; Perumal, Ramasamy; Thomson, Daniel U.; Nagaraja, T. G.

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050594

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similarly, biochemical compounds, such as phenolic compounds produced by plants, are known to possess antimicrobial [49] as well as antioxidant [50] properties. Presence of phenolic compounds has been reported in peanut seed coat [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peanut Seed Coat Acts as a Physical and Biochemical Barrier against Aspergillus flavus Infection

Commey

Tengey

Cobos

et al. 2021

JoF

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Aflatoxin contamination is a global menace that adversely affects food crops and human health. Peanut seed coat is the outer layer protecting the cotyledon both at pre- and post-harvest stages from biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of seed coat against A. flavus infection. In-vitro seed colonization (IVSC) with and without seed coat showed that the seed coat acts as a physical barrier, and the developmental series of peanut seed coat showed the formation of a robust multilayered protective seed coat. Radial growth bioassay revealed that both insoluble and soluble seed coat extracts from 55-437 line (resistant) showed higher A. flavus inhibition compared to TMV-2 line (susceptible). Further analysis of seed coat biochemicals showed that hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are the predominant phenolic compounds, and addition of these compounds to the media inhibited A. flavus growth. Gene expression analysis showed that genes involved in lignin monomer, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid biosynthesis are highly abundant in 55-437 compared to TMV-2 seed coats. Overall, the present study showed that the seed coat acts as a physical and biochemical barrier against A. flavus infection and its potential use in mitigating the aflatoxin contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peanut Seed Coat Acts as a Physical and Biochemical Barrier against Aspergillus flavus Infection

Commey

Tengey

Cobos

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites with high disease resistance in plants. Most phenolic acids are antibiotics that kill infectious pathogens ( Schnur et al., 2021 ). Therefore, phenolic acids can improve plant defense functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical mechanisms preventing wilting under grafting: a case study on pumpkin rootstock grafting to wax gourd

Fu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Wax gourd wilt is a devastating fungal disease caused by a specialized form of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. benincasae (FOB), which severely restricts the development of the wax gourd industry. Resistant rootstock pumpkin grafting is often used to prevent and control wax gourd wilt. The “Haizhan 1” pumpkin has the characteristic of high resistance to wilt, but the mechanism through which grafted pumpkin rootstock plants acquire resistance to wax gourd wilt is still poorly understood. In this study, grafted wax gourd (GW) and self-grafted wax gourd (SW) were cultured at three concentrations [2.8 × 106 Colony Forming Units (CFU)·g−1, 8.0 × 105 CFU·g−1, and 4.0 × 105 CFU·g−1, expressed by H, M, and L]. Three culture times (6 dpi, 10 dpi, and 13 dpi) were used to observe the incidence of wilt disease in the wax gourd and the number of F. oxysporum spores in different parts of the soil and plants. Moreover, the physiological indices of the roots of plants at 5 dpi, 9 dpi, and 12 dpi in soil supplemented with M (8.0 × 105 CFU·g−1) were determined. No wilt symptoms in GW. Wilt symptoms in SW were exacerbated by the amount of FOB in the inoculated soil and culture time. At any culture time, the amount of FOB in the GW soil under the three treatments was greater than that in the roots. However, for the SW treatments, at 10 dpi and 13 dpi, the amount of FOB in the soil was lower than that in the roots. The total phenol (TP) and lignin (LIG) contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chitinase (CHI) activities were significantly increased in the GWM roots. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) initially decreased but then increased in the GWM roots. When the TP content decreased significantly, the LIG content and PAL and CHI activities increased initially but then decreased, whereas the PPO and POD activities did not change significantly in the SWM roots. The results indicated that the roots of the “Haizhan 1” pumpkin stock plants initiated a self-defense response after being infected with FOB, and the activities of PPO, POD, PAL, and CHI increased, and additional LIG and TP accumulated, which could effectively prevent FOB infection.

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“…Not only do they have the potential to compromise the integrity of dairy products by leaving residues in milk, but they can also introduce environmental contaminants [ 1 ]. Microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus uberis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella are notorious for their prevalence in BM which collectively complicate therapeutic strategies [ 3 – 5 ]. Out of the approximately 250 infectious agents implicated in bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus spp., in particular, is the predominant causative agent, linked with a myriad of symptoms [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the increasing antibiotic resistance exhibited by S. aureus and the formidable challenges posed by its biofilm production, recent scientific endeavors are veering towards more novel, natural remedies. There is an escalating trend towards harnessing the antimicrobial properties of certain natural antimicrobials, herbal substances, peptides and probiotics that exhibit potent activity against a spectrum of pathogens, including not just S. aureus , but also the likes of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., E. coli , and Clostridium spp among others [ 5 , 6 , 10 – 15 ]. The aim of the current study was to bring further clarity regarding the mechanisms by which natural antimicrobials can reduce S. aureus infection of bovine mammary cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanistic role of natural antimicrobials in preventing Staphylococcus aureus invasion of MAC-T cells using an in vitro mastitis model

Balta,

McCleery,

David

et al. 2024

Ir Vet J

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Background Starting primarily as an inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis is frequently driven by infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus. Mastitis has a large economic impact globally, which includes diagnostic, treatment, and the production costs not to mention the potential milk contamination with antimicrobial residues. Currently, mastitis prevention and cure depends on intramammary infusion of antimicrobials, yet, their overuse risks engendering resistant pathogens, posing further threats to livestock. Methods In our study we aimed to investigate, in vitro, using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), the efficacy of the AuraShield an antimicrobial mixture (As) in preventing S. aureus attachment, internalisation, and inflammation. The antimicrobial mixture (As) included: 5% maltodextrin, 1% sodium chloride, 42% citric acid, 18% sodium citrate, 10% silica, 12% malic acid, 9% citrus extract and 3% olive extract (w/w). Results and discussion Herein we show that As can significantly reduce both adherence and invasion of MAC-T cells by S. aureus, with no impact on cell viability at all concentrations tested (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1%) compared with untreated controls. The anti-apoptotic effect of As was achieved by significantly reducing cellular caspase 1, 3 and 8 activities in the infected MAC-T cells. All As concentrations were proven to be subinhibitory, suggesting that Ac can reduce S. aureus virulence without bacterial killing and that the effect could be dual including a host modulation effect. In this context, we show that As can reduce the expression of S. aureus clumping factor (ClfB) and block its interaction with the host Annexin A2 (AnxA2), resulting in decreased bacterial adherence in infection of MAC-T cells. Moreover, the ability of As to block AnxA2 had a significant decreasing effect on the levels of pro inflammatory cytokine released upon S. aureus interaction with MAC-T cells. Conclusion The results presented in this study indicate that mixtures of natural antimicrobials could potentially be considered an efficient alternative to antibiotics in treating S. aureus induced mastitis.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Sorghum Phenolic Extract on Bovine Foodborne and Mastitis-Causing Pathogens

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Peanut Seed Coat Acts as a Physical and Biochemical Barrier against Aspergillus flavus Infection

Peanut Seed Coat Acts as a Physical and Biochemical Barrier against Aspergillus flavus Infection

Biochemical mechanisms preventing wilting under grafting: a case study on pumpkin rootstock grafting to wax gourd

The mechanistic role of natural antimicrobials in preventing Staphylococcus aureus invasion of MAC-T cells using an in vitro mastitis model

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