Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Coffea arabica L. Against the Clinical Strains Isolated From Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Abstract

Diabetes-related complications such as diabetic foot infections foster resilient biofilms, complicating treatment. Innovative therapeutic solutions are urgently needed to address this challenge. In this research, coffee bean powder (green coffee been powder [GCBP], roasted coffee bean powder [RCBP], and spent coffee powder ground [SCPG]) was extracted and assessed for its ability to impede biofilm formation and associated functions in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-positive biofilm-forming strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) , Escherichia coli (E. coli) , and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) obtained from foot ulcers. GCBP exhibited notable effectiveness in reducing biofilm formation, ranging from 17-76% in monocultures and 17-66% in mixed cultures. It significantly disrupted motility in P. aeruginosa and E. coli , a crucial factor influencing biofilm establishment. The critical biofilm-related functions for attachment and maintenance such as cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production were significantly inhibited at sub-MICs. Notably, GCBP elicited statistically significant reductions (29-59% in monocultures and 28-45% in mixed cultures) in pre-formed biofilms. The reduction in bacterial chitinase activity upon exposure to GCBP implies a potential mechanism for its ability to inhibit biofilm formation. This study emphasizes the potential of green coffee bean extract in tackling antibiotic-resistant bacterial biofilms associated with diabetic foot ulcers, suggesting innovative strategies for infection management through mechanistic understanding and optimized applications.