Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Thespesia populnea Mediated Nanoparticles in Murine Mastitis Model

Abstract

Background: Bovine mastitis is a common inflammatory disease where bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major concern in its treatment. Nanoparticles have been known in overcoming difficulties of treatment therapies including multi drug resistant bacterial infections but research on their role in mastitis treatment is limited. Nowadays Green synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance to overcome problems associated with chemical synthesis. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative action of Thespesia populnea (T. populnea) mediated synthesized silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in mastitis induced mice. Methods: A total of 48 mice were divided into six groups: where Group I served as control, groups II to VI were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) culture for mastitis induction. After mastitis induction, groups III, IV, V and VI received T. populnea methanolic extract (TPE), T. populnea methanolic extract mediated silver nano particles (TPSN) (»95 nm size), T. populnea methanolic extract mediated ZnO nanoparticles (TPZN) (» 85 nm size) and Ceftriaxone respectively. Whole blood was collected to analyze inflammatory indicators haptoglobin (Hp) and C reactive protein (CRP). The mammary gland weights, bacterial load and changes in tissue samples were studied. Result: The formation of brown colour solution and white crystalline precipitate indicated the formation of TPE mediated silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles respectively. The sizes of these TPSN and TPZN when characterized by SEM, were found to be 95 and 85 nm respectively. The values of mammary gland weight, bacterial load, Hp and CRP were elevated significantly in group II mice when compared to other treatment groups. Histopathological examination of mammary gland revealed bacterial clumps, severe leucocytic infiltration along with congestion and necrotic changes in group II. The ameliorating changes in damaged tissues of the experimental groups remained in the decreasing order of TPSN, ceftriaxone, TPZN and TPE respectively. Therefore, phytogenic nanoparticles can be effectively used to control the mastitis.