Antimicrobial and Antileishmanial Activities of Diterpenoids Isolated from the Roots of Salvia deserta

Abstract

Four diterpenes with biological activity were isolated from Salvia deserta roots. Taxodione was considered leishmanicidal with an IC50 value of 1.46 µM (0.46 mg/L) against Leishmania donovani and also exhibited antifungal and antimicrobial activities. Ferruginol displayed the greatest activity [24-h IC50 of 4.5 µM (1.29 mg/L)] against the fish pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus iniae. The crude extract fraction that contained the isolated compounds 7-O-acetylhorminone and horminone showed stronger in vitro antibacterial activity (1.3 mg/L for Staphylococcus aureus and 1.1 mg/L for methicillin-resistant S. aureus) than the compounds tested alone. 7-O-Acetylhorminone and horminone exhibited a synergistic effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (FIC of 0.2), and horminone had better activity against S. aureus with respect to other compounds isolated from S. deserta roots. In larvicidal bioassays, these extracts and isolated pure compounds did not show any activity at the highest dose of 125 mg/L against 1-d-old Aedes aegypti larvae.

Salvia Species as Sources of Natural Products with Antiprotozoal Activity

“…Búfalo et al isolated four diterpenes ( 15 , 18 , 30 and 31 in Table 6 ) from the roots of Salvia deserta Schang.—an Asian Salvia —and tested their activity against promastigotes of Ld [ 39 ]. The IC 50 ranged from 1.46 ± 0.52 μM to 29.43 ± 3.01 μM.…”

“…Compound 15 was also isolated from the roots of S. deserta Schang. and tested against D6 chloroquine sensitive and W2 chloroquine resistance strains of Pf yielding IC 50 values of 5.64 and 6.35 μM, respectively [ 39 ]. In this study, the ratio of cytotoxicity of Compound 15 against VERO cells over antiplasmodial activity was unfavorable with SI values of 0.8 and 0.7, respectively.…”

“…However, the SI of 18 was not favorable (SI = 1). In contrast, the antiplasmodial activity of Compound 18 —isolated from the roots of S. deserta Schang—was also determined against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine resistant (W2) strains of Pf showing higher IC 50 values (10.49 μM and 9.66 μM 3, respectively) [ 39 ].…”

“…Kuźma et al also reported interesting biological activities of the diterpenes 7-(2′-oxohexyl)-taxodione ( 20 ) and taxadone ( 21 ), which demonstrated antiplasmodial activity at IC 50 values of 3.37 and 3.66 µM, respectively. However, less promising was the antiplasmodial activity of 7-O-acetylhorminone ( 30 ) and horminone ( 31 ), for which the IC 50 values were shown to be higher than 12.72 μM [ 39 ].…”

Configurational Study of Diastereoisomeric Royleanone Diterpenoids From Salvia concolor

“…Royleanones 1 to 3 and 7 have been isolated from different genera of the Lamiaceae family, [4][5][6] while 2 has also been described from species of the Taxodiaceae family. 7,8 Some of these compounds exhibit antibacterial, [9][10][11] cytotoxic, 12 antiviral, 13 gastroprotective, 14 and antiparasitic 15,16 activities.…”