Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical profiling of Curvularia tsudae endophytic in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers

Abstract

There is a growing body of evidence that endophytic fungal metabolites possess important biological activities. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., a well-known grass species with potential medicinal properties, is under-explored for the diversity of endophytic fungal species and their metabolites. We report here the diversity of endophytic fungi in the culm, leaf and inflorescence of Cynodon dactylon when cultured on moist blotter (MB), potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA). Species richness, Shannon and Simpson diversity and evenness indices showed that PDA followed by MEA supported the growth of the largest number of fungal species. Amongst four fungal species tested, Curvularia tsudae was selected for further studies on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The mycelial mat (MM) and culture filtrate (CF) of PD broth grown Curvularia tsudae extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively, were subjected to antimicrobial assay against five bacterial and four fungal test isolates. Results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of CF had moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus whereas the methanolic MM extract showed high to moderate activity to Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Fusarium oxysporum. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed very good antioxidant activity and the extract contained coumarins when determined by HPLC. High-resolution orbitrap LC-MS of ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of metabolites with antimicrobial and antioxidant and other biological activities. Finding of the present study suggested that Curvularia tsudae could be exploited for pharmaceutical applications.

Determination of anti-microbial and anti-viral efficacy of the mixture of extracted piper betle linn leaves and cynodon dactylon with curd and calcium oxide against shingles disease

“…Understanding the mechanism of action will provide valuable insights into the efficacy of the mixture and may lead to the development of more effective treatments for shingles disease. [21][22][23][24][25] The use of natural plant extracts as a potential treatment for shingles disease warrants further investigation. While the present study provides promising results regarding the efficacy of the mixture of extracted Piper Betle Linn leaves and Cynodon Dactylon with curd and calcium oxide against shingles disease, further research is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy in animal models and human clinical trials.…”

Chemical profiling, in vitro antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser – A hemiparasitic Indian mistletoe

“…The test bacterial strains included five human pathogenic bacterial strains which include Escherichia coli (MTCC-1599); Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC-7028); Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-4734); Salmonella typhi (MTCC-734); and Enterococcus faecallis (MTCC 439) and one plant pathogenic bacterial strain Xanthomonas campestris (MTCC-228). The plates were inoculated and incubated at 35-37°C overnight to determine the inhibition zone [22].…”

In silico analysis to contemplate the chemistry behind gallic acid-mediated inhibition of Polyketide Synthase A from aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway of Aspergillus flavus

“…14 Plants develop these secondary metabolites to provide a defense mechanism against pathogenic fungus. 15 Due to their antimicrobial properties, they can protect humans and animals against certain diseases induced by microorganisms and even toxins linked with them. 16 For potential drug research and growth, these metabolites have become the most effective chemo-preventative compounds.…”