Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Satureja Montana</i> L. and S. Subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

Satureja montanaL. and S. subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae) are used for centuries in traditional medicine of Balcanic people in the healing of the lymphatic nodule and respiratory system inflammation. In this paper the amount of total phenols and flavonoids (analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry), phenolic compounds profile (analyzed by HPLC), antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied in samples collected in seven per species populations of S. montanaand S. subspicatain Croatia. Eight phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, caffeic, p-coumaric, ellagic, protocatehuic, rosmarinic, and syringic acid) were identified and quantified using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Results showed that both species contained polyphenolics and other antioxidant compounds with chelating and radical-scavenging properties. The extracts prepared from both species showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on in vitrotested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and Microsporum gypseum).

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil and Extracts of Satureja subspicata Vis. Growing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…The total flavonoid content was 509.47 ± 10.71 and 460.44 ± 2.97 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of extract for the methanol extract and hot water extract, respectively. In comparison with previously published data, the total phenol content was similar (from 240.84 ± 2.25 to 271.35 ± 11.65 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of methanol extract), while the total flavonoid content was quite higher (from 16.65 ± 0.5 to 118.09 ± 10.58 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of methanol extract) …”

“…In the ethanol extract from Croatia, hydroxycinnamic acids were identified as follows: rosmarinic acid (46.11), chlorogenic acid (1.62), and caffeic acid (1.78 mg/g of extract) . The less abundant compounds of the methanol extract were rutin and ellagic acid (0.07 – 1.14%), and in the ethanol extract rutin (1.33 – 2.57%), quercetin (0.02 – 0.72%), and p ‐cumaric acid (0.30 – 0.38%) . The obtained results showed diversity of phenol compounds of tested extracts and indicate that S .…”

“…A previous study showed that the methanol and ethanol extracts of S . subspicata are capable of increasing the percentage of inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the β ‐carotene bleaching assay …”

“…There are a few studies about the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils and nonvolatile extracts from Croatia . Until now, we have found only one published report on chemical composition of S .…”

“…[15] [16] There are a few studies about the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils [5 -7] [17] and nonvolatile extracts from Croatia. [18] [19] Until now, we have found only one published report on chemical composition of S. subspicata essential oil from Bosnia and Herzegovina and its antioxidant and animicrobial activity, [8] while there were no reports on extracts. Thus, there is a considerable research interest in chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil as well as nonvolatile extracts of S. subspicata from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), where this plant is exposed to different environmental and particularly climatic conditions.…”