Antimicrobial and Biofilm-Preventing Activity of l-Borneol Possessing 2(5H)-Furanone Derivative F131 against S. aureus—C. albicans Mixed Cultures

Abstract

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are human pathogens that are able to form mixed biofilms on the surface of mucous membranes, implants and catheters. In biofilms, these pathogens have increased resistance to antimicrobials, leading to extreme difficulties in the treatment of mixed infections. The growing frequency of mixed infections caused by S. aureus and C. albicans requires either the development of new antimicrobials or the proposal of alternative approaches to increase the efficiency of conventional ones. Here, we show the antimicrobial, biofilm-preventing and biofilm-eradicating activity of 2(5H)-furanone derivative F131, containing an l-borneol fragment against S. aureus–C. albicans mixed biofilms. Furanone F131 is also capable of inhibiting the formation of monospecies and mixed biofilms by S. aureus and C. albicans. The minimal biofilm-prevention concentration (MBPC) of this compound was 8–16 μg/mL for S. aureus and C. albicans mono- and two-species biofilms. While the compound demonstrates slightly lower activity compared to conventional antimicrobials (gentamicin, amikacin, fluconazole, terbinafine and benzalkonium chloride), F131 also increases the antimicrobial activity of fluconazole–gentamicin and benzalkonium chloride against mixed biofilms of S. aureus–C. albicans, thus reducing MBPC of fluconazole–gentamicin by 4–16 times and benzalkonium chloride twofold. F131 does not affect the transcription of the MDR1, CDR1 and CDR2 genes, thus suggesting a low risk of micromycete resistance to this compound. Altogether, combined use of antibiotics with a F131 could be a promising option to reduce the concentration of fluconazole used in antiseptic compositions and reduce the toxic effect of benzalkonium chloride and gentamicin. This makes them an attractive starting point for the development of alternative antimicrobials for the treatment of skin infections caused by S. aureus–C. albicans mixed biofilms.

Phytochemical Diversity, Classification and Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Species from Tabuk (Saudi Arabia)

“…This phytochemical class was not detected in other plant species. Furanone F131 was found to be able to inhibit the formation of monospecies and mixed biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans [34] . Terpenoids also made the main classes of phytochemical compounds in P. undulata extract which exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities compared to other species.…”

“…Furanone F131 was found to be able to inhibit the formation of monospecies and mixed biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. [34] Terpenoids also made the main classes of phytochemical compounds in P. undulata extract which exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities compared to other species. Fatty acyls have excellent antibiotic activity and were represented by Falcarinol, which had antibacterial effect towards resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus as well as antimycobacterial effects.…”

The Antimicrobial Potential of the Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Oral Streptococci

“…The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The experiments were performed in triplicate, and a growth control without the addition of any antimicrobial agent was included in each plate. After incubation, the optical density OD600 was measured on an Infinite 200 PRO plate spectrophotometer (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland), and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) for each double combination was calculated as described earlier [ 83 ]. Interpretation of the obtained FICI values was carried out according to Odds [ 84 ].…”

The Novel Chiral 2(5H)-Furanone Sulfones Possessing Terpene Moiety: Synthesis and Biological Activity

“…5( S )-3,4-Dichloro-5-[(1 R ,2 S ,5 R )-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyloxy]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 3a ) [ 60 , 63 ], 5( S )-3,4-dibromo-5-[(1 R ,2 S ,5 R )-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyloxy]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 4a ) [ 64 ], 5( S )-3,4-dichloro-5-[(1 S ,2 R ,4 S )-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yloxy]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 5a ) [ 56 , 65 ], 5( S )-3,4-dibromo-5-[(1 S ,2 R ,4 S )-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yloxy]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 6a ) [ 66 ], 5( S )-3-chloro-5-[(1 R ,2 S ,5 R) -2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyloxy]-4-[4-methylphenylsulfanyl]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 7 ) [ 60 ], 5( S )-3-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]-5-[(1 S ,2 R ,4 S )-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yloxy]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 14 ) [ 85 ], 5( S )-3-chloro-5-[(1 R ,2 S ,5 R )-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyloxy]-4-[4-methylphenylsulfonyl]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 19 ) [ 60 ], and 5( S )-3-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-5-[(1 S ,2 R ,4 S )-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yloxy]-2(5 H )-furanone ( 26 ) [ 85 ] were synthesized according to the known methods.…”