Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Lagopsis supina

Abstract

In this study, five endophytic fungi belonging to the Aspergillus and Alternaria genera were isolated from Lagopsis supina . The antimicrobial activity of all fungal fermented extracts against Staphylococcus and Fusarium graminearum was tested using the cup-plate method. Among them, Aspergillus ochraceus XZC-1 showed the best activity and was subsequently selected for large-scale fermentation and bioactivity-directed separation of the secondary metabolites. Four compounds, including 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1), 3,5-dihydroxytoluene (2), oleic acid (3), and penicillic acid (4) were discovered. Here, compounds 1 and 4 displayed anti-fungal activity against F. graminearum , F. oxysporum , F. moniliforme , F. stratum , Botrytis cinerea , Magnaporthe oryzae , and Verticillium dahliae with diverse MIC values (128–512 μg/ml), which were close to that of the positive control antifungal, actidione (64–128 μg/ml). Additionally, compounds 1 and 4 also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Escherichia coli , and Salmonella enterica , with low MIC values (8–64 μg/ml). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 displayed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines as compared with the normal fibroblast cells. Therefore, this study proposes that the endophytic fungi from L. supina can potentially produce bioactive molecules to be used as lead compounds in drugs or agricultural antibiotics.

Diversity of Endophytes of Actinidia arguta in Different Seasons

“…Has a wide range of hosts [37]; enhances plant drought resistance [86]; produces sesquiterpenoid compounds [87]; possesses biocontrol properties [88]; synthesizes titanium dioxide nanoparticles to reduce antibiotic use and lower the risk of antimicrobial resistance [89]. Produces antimicrobial multicopper compounds [91]; generates nitrogen metabolites, steroids, terpenes, pyrones, quinones, and phenolic compounds [92]; promotes growth [93]; produces substances with antimicrobial activity [13].…”

“…Zhang et al isolated the endophytic fungus Aspergillus ochraceus XZC-1 from Lagopsis supina, which showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus and Fusarium graminearum. The secondary metabolites produced by this fungus, particularly 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and penicillic acid, were found to exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells [13]. Endophytes assist plants in coping with abiotic stress while also being constrained by environmental factors such as intense UV radiation, drought and extreme cold, which can limit the vitality of some endophytes [14].…”

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Hyssopus officinalis

“…Recently, quite a lot of work has appeared on the isolation of penicillic acid from various sources, for example from Antarctic marine sediment or from various fungi of the genus of Penicillium [10,11]. Penicillic acid had antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [12]. Although penicillic acid has been known since the 1930s [13], so far, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood.…”