Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles In-vitro and In-vivo Study

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become an extensive area of study due to the peculiar properties of nanoparticles. Chitosan is considered the most promising material for future applications. The purpose of this study was to highlight the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties of Chitosan nanoparticles (CTS), as well as their efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens and various applications as a natural antioxidant in the biomedical field. CTS were prepared with or without surfactant (L—lecithin, Tween 80) based on inotropic gelation of chitosan with sodium alginate. The nanoparticle obtained displayed a spherical shape with a particle size ranging from 54.3±20.8 to 1256±16.8 nm, zeta potential ranging from 24±1.2 to 30.8±1.1 mV, and polydispersity index ranging from 0.274±0.09 to 0.553±0.06. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) calculations were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of CTS against four human pathogens: Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus NRRLB-767, Escherichia coli ATCC25955, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC101455. The MIC values were 156.3, 39.4, 78.1, and 78.1 ug/mL, while the MBC values were 500,156.3, 312.5, and 312.5 ug/mL, respectively. S.aureus was the most susceptible, while B. subtilis was the most resistant. The hepatoprotective effect was determined by measuring antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and inflammatory biomarkers, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Hepatoprotective results showed a remarkable ameliorative effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4.

Ameliorative effect of chitosan nanoparticles against carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

“…This effect may be attributed to the free radical scavenging of chitosan NPs reported previously by our group (El-Shafei et al. 2021 ).…”

“…Nanoparticles comprising sodium alginate and chitosan (6 mg/mL) were prepared according to the previously established method using ionotropic gelation (El-Shafei et al. 2021 ). Briefly, chitosan was dissolved in 2% acetic acid at a concentration of 12 mg/mL, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.8 using 1 N NaOH.…”

The clinical significance of long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 and CASC2 in the diagnosis of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world’s fifth most prevalent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related death [ 1 ]. Finding new biomarkers for disease diagnosis or predicting the clinical outcome is of vital importance [ 2 , 3 ]. Infection with the HCV virus is one of the most common causes of HCC [ 4 ].…”