Antimicrobial and inhibitory enzyme activity of N-(benzyl) and quaternary N-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives on plant pathogens

Preharvest treatments with chitosan and other alternatives to conventional fungicides to control postharvest decay of strawberry

“…The effectiveness of chitosan has been ascribed to its antifungal activity against B. cinerea (Badawy, Rabea, & Taktak, 2014;Muñoz & Moret, 2010;Silva Jùnior et al, 2014) and to its triggering of plant defenses, such as compounds, enzymes, or genes related to pathogenesis, cell-wall degradation, or the phenylpropanoid pathway, both in strawberry tissues (Landi et al, 2014;Wang & Gao, 2013) and in other fruit (Burketova, Trda, Ott, & Valentova, 2015;Feliziani et al, 2013b;Lu et al, 2014;Muzzarelli et al, 2012). Furthermore, the formation of a semi-permeable film by chitosan over the fruit Table 7 Fruit surface color described by the parameters of L*, a* and b*, which relate to the luminescence, red tone, and yellow tone, respectively.…”

Pyridine-grafted chitosan derivative as an antifungal agent

“…The introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties into N-substituted carboxymethyl chitosan (N-substituted CMCh) derivatives also enhanced their biological activity, with higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. By comparison with the pristine chitosan, increased antibacterial activities had been acquired upon the use of various quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives, such as methylated N-(4-N,Ndimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan chloride (MDMBzCh), methylated N-(4-pyridylmethyl) chitosan chloride (MPyMeCh) (Sajomsang, Gonil, & Saesoo, 2009), quaternized N-(3-pyridylmethyl) chitosan derivatives (Sajomsang, Ruktanonchai, Gonil, & Warin, 2010), N-(2-quarternary ammonium)acyl derivatives of chitosan with a quaternary N-trialkyl or aromatic ammonium moiety on the 2-position of the N-acetyl spacer group (Rúnarsson et al, 2010), quaternized chitosan derivatives with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylam monium chloride (Sajomsang, Tantayanon, Tangpasuthadol, & Daly, 2009), quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives containing mono or disaccharide moieties (Sajomsang, Gonil, & Tantayanon, 2009), and b-cyclodextrin moiety grafted chitosan Sajomsang et al, 2011), chitosan derivatives with quaternary pyridiniumyl against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) and Fulvia fulva (F. fulva) with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (Rúnarsson et al, 2010), quaternary N-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives with the antimicrobial activity against various important cropthreatening bacteria and fungi (Badawy, Rabea, & Taktak, 2014).…”

Influence of chitosan and its derivatives on cell development and physiology of Ustilago maydis

“…Its most recent and important application is as nanoparticle for the control of phytopathogenic fungi [2]. Chitosan and its derivatives have a potential as antimicrobial agents to inhibit growth of various plant pathogens [3]. This antimicrobial effect is due to interactions between positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged membrane surface.…”