Antimicrobial, Anti‐inflammatory, and Wound Healing Properties of Myrtus communis Leaf Methanolic Extract Ointment on Burn Wound Infection Induced by Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Rats

Abstract

Objective(s). Given the increasing rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance to antibiotics, the use of plant‐based antimicrobials to treat the infection has been considered. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Myrtus communis leaf extract ointment and silver nanoparticles on the healing of burn wounds caused by MRSA in rats. Materials and Methods. In a research experiment, 48 male Wistar rats were anesthetized and second‐degree burns were induced on their backs. The rats’ wounds were then uniformly inoculated with MRSA. Various treatments were applied to the burn wounds daily, including Myrtus ointment, silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles‐Myrtus ointment, silver sulfadiazine‐Myrtus ointment, silver sulfadiazine 1%, mupirocin ointment, and a positive control. The study measured the antimicrobial effects, wound area, percentage of wound healing, antioxidant capacities, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide concentrations in the serum of the rats. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad software, with one‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests used to determine the statistical significance of the results. Results. Rats treated with Myrtus ointment, silver nanoparticles‐Myrtus ointment, and mupirocin had reduced bacterial growth compared to the positive control group, nanoparticle ointment, and silver sulfadiazine (P < 0.05). The wound area of the Myrtus ointment group decreased significantly on the seventh and fourteenth days, as well as the level of MDA and nitric oxide, compared to the other groups. In Myrtus and silver sulfadiazine‐Myrtus ointment increased the thickness of the epidermis and dermis compared to the other groups. Conclusion. Based on the anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties of Myrtus, with further studies, an ointment of this plant may be used as a main or complementary treatment for burn wound infections caused by MRSA.