Antimicrobial Assay of Chlorhexidine-Wetted Textile Napkins for Surgical Site Disinfection in Ocular Surgery

Abstract

Background: As a new intraoperative disinfection method, chlorhexidine-wetted textile napkins have been employed in order to cover the upper and lower eyelid edges, eyelid skin, eyelashes, lid margins and palpebral conjunctiva during phacoemulsification cataract extraction. This study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial activity of textile napkins before and after their use. Methods: This study evaluated 80 textile napkins wetted with 0.02% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine. All textile napkins were divided into groups. The study group consisted of 60 used textile napkins which were collected from 29 patients (30 eyes) at the end of phacoemulsification, and the control group included 20 unused sterile textile napkins. Antimicrobial assay was performed by means of measuring the growth inhibition zones of the standard or clinical isolate strains under the textile napkins on the surface of agar media. Results: The number of textile napkins and the diameter of the growth inhibition zones (mm) in the study group and in the control group relating to gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungi were: 24/31 vs. 8/31, 32/30 vs. 8/30, and 4/30 vs. 4/30. The diameter of the growth inhibition zones of gram-positive bacteria was more than other investigated microorganisms. In the growth inhibition zones, exogenous microorganism colonies were not found. Conclusion: Antimicrobial activity of textile napkins wetted with 0.02% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine against gram-positive bacteria is more than gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and is preserved to the end of the phacoemulsification.

Viricidal treatments for prevention of coronavirus infection

“…Further, glutaraldehyde has proven viricidal activity against SARS-CoV (Hanoi strain) at 2.5% concentration, and SARS-CoV (Isolate FFM-1) at 0.5% concentration, as it inactivated the respective viruses in 5 and 2 minutes [25,34]. Other studies have demonstrated the viricidal activity of formaldehyde against SARS-CoV (Hanoi strain), CCV (I-71), and MHV [38,37,39]. The European Center for Disease Prevention and Control has reported in an interim document released in February 2020, that 2% glutaraldehyde is effective against HCoV-229E.…”

“…Chlorhexidine is a substituted biguanide, which contains the C2H5N7 component, and has highly potent antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and binds to the stratum corneum of the skin and mucous membranes [38]. It is one of the most common components of alcohol-based sanitizers, as the addition of chlorhexidine in low concentrations (0.5-1.0%) to alcohol-based preparations has higher residual activity than alcohol alone [39].…”