Antimicrobial Bioactivity and GC-MS Analysis of Different Extracts of Corchorus olitorius L Leaves

Abstract

Background and Aim. Plants have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases among various communities worldwide with undeniable success. Corchorus olitorius L is used to treat various ailments including infections. However, there are limited data regarding its antimicrobial spectrum in Uganda. In the bid to bridge this gap, we investigated the antimicrobial bioactivity of Corchorus olitorius L against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Methods. Corchorus olitorius L leaves were harvested, air-dried, and serially extracted using diethyl ether, methanol, and distilled water (aqueous). The crude extracts and their components separated by TLC were assayed for bioactivity against the organisms mentioned above using the agar well diffusion technique. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control. Observation of a zone of inhibition indicated bioactivity. Finally, the components that displayed bioactivity were subjected to GC-MS analysis to establish their chemical composition using the MS library database. Results. Crude extracts of Corchorus olitorius L leaves and their TLC-separated components demonstrated bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (16 mm), and Escherichia coli (11 mm) but neither against Candida albicans nor Mycobacteria tuberculosis. However, the overall zones of inhibition were smaller compared to the positive control (≥18 mm). GC-MS analysis of the active components revealed the presence of methyl esters. Conclusion. Corchorus olitorius L is bioactive against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but neither against fungi nor mycobacteria. The bioactivity is attributable to the presence of methyl esters. Since methyl esters already have proven bioactivity in some studies, they could be further studied and optimized for possible pharmaceutical use. Further, to provide a more comprehensive antimicrobial spectrum of Corchorus olitorius L in Uganda, purified active components could be investigated using a wider range of organisms.

Antibiotic Activity of a Newly Discovered Aspergillus Species Isolated from Sewage Dump Site

“…Furthermore, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and oleic acid (both detected in this work) were among the organic fatty acids also detected in the works of Ghareeb et al (2022) and Nakaziba et al (2022). They assayed the extracts of Paratapes undulatus clam (a marine mollusc) and Corchorus olitorius L leaves (Egyptian spinach) respectively for bacterial inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with success.…”

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“…1), and the ltrate was concentrated with a rotary evaporator at 20-28°C. The concentrated crude aqueous extract was stored at a temperature of 4 ± 2°C before being reconstituted for administration [10].…”

Pharmacological and phytochemical biodiversity of Corchorus olitorius

“…The plant extract did not reveal any bioactivity against Candida albicans nor Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 36 The antibacterial activity of C. olitorius leaves was assessed against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, using the agar well diffusion method. As a result, the aqueous extract exhibited stronger antibacterial activity (16.3 ± 1.7) against the studied bacteria E. coli, compared to the ethanolic extract (8.23 ± 0.7).…”

“…The plant extract did not reveal any bioactivity against Candida albicans nor Mycobacterium tuberculosis . 36 …”