Antimicrobial Drug Use in Companion Birds

Flammer, Keven

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch35

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this study, however, drinking water and feed medicine techniques were not recommended due to the various limitations, including differences in drug intake across geese, imprecise dosing, and solubility difficulties (Powers, 2006; Turk et al, 2021; Vermeulen et al, 2002). While parenteral medication is an alternative form of delivery for the quickest onset of action in critically ill birds, oral gavage offers accurate dosing and no stability issues (Flammer, 1994; Powers, 2006; Vermeulen et al, 2002). Although the IV route for RX is not recommended, it was critical in this study in order to determine the true Cl, V d , and the absolute F % for the oral route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition kinetics of robenacoxib following intravenous and oral administration in geese (Anser anser domesticus)

Fadel

Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska

Lisowski

et al. 2023

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Robenacoxib (RX) is a veterinary cyclooxygenase‐2 selective inhibitor drug. It has never been tested on birds and is only labelled for use in cats and dogs. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Four‐month healthy female geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two‐phase, single‐dose (2 mg/kg IV, 4 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a four‐month washout period between the IV and the PO phases. Blood was collected from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h. Plasma RX concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analysed using ThothPro™ 4.3 software in a non‐compartmental approach. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half‐life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 0.35 h, 0.34 L/kg, and 0.68 L/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the mean peak plasma concentration was 6.78 μg/mL at 0.50 h. The t1/2λz was very short and significantly different between the IV and PO administrations (0.35 h IV vs. 0.99 h PO), suggesting the occurrence of a flip‐flop phenomenon. The Cl values corrected for the F% were significantly different between IV and PO administrations. It might have been a consequence of the longitudinal study design and the altered physiological and environmental conditions after a 4‐month washout period. The absolute oral F% computed with the AUC method surpassed 150%, but after normalizing it to t1/2λz, it was 46%. In conclusion, the administration of RX might not be suitable for geese, due to its short t1/2λz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition kinetics of robenacoxib following intravenous and oral administration in geese (Anser anser domesticus)

Fadel

Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska

Lisowski

et al. 2023

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Despite the typical application of individual or flock therapy through drinking water or feed in avian species, these methods were not advised in this study due to limitations like inconsistent drug intake and dosing imprecision (Fadel et al., 2023; Powers, 2006; Turk et al., 2021). Instead, oral gavage was favored for its precise dosing and absence of stability concerns (Flammer, 1994; Vermeulen et al., 2002). While the IV route for MTZ is not recommended in birds, it played in the present study a crucial role for accurately assessing the clearance, volume of distribution, and absolute oral bioavailability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in geese (Anser anser domesticus) after intravenous and oral administrations

Fadel,

Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska,

Bourdo

et al. 2023

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Metronidazole (MTZ) is a 5‐nitroimidazole anti‐bacterial and anti‐protozoal drug. In human and companion animal medicine, MTZ remains widely used due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. In farm animals, however, MTZ is currently prohibited in several countries due to insufficient data on nitroimidazoles. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics (PK) in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Fifteen‐month old healthy male geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two‐phase, single‐dose (10 mg/kg IV, 50 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a two‐week washout period between the IV and PO phases. Blood was drawn from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma MTZ concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non‐compartmental approach. MTZ was still quantifiable and well above the LLOQ at 24 h after both routes of administration. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half‐life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 5.47 h, 767 mL/kg, and 96 mL/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the bioavailability was high (85%), and the mean peak plasma concentration was 60.27 μg/mL at 1 h. When parameters were normalized for the dose, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the PK parameters between the two routes of administration. The study shows that oral administration of MTZ seems to be promising in geese, although comprehensive research on its pharmacodynamics and multiple‐dose studies are necessary before its adoption in geese can be further considered.

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“…Amphotericin B bindet an Ergosterol und macht die Pilzmembran durchlässiger. Es kommt zum Verlust von Natrium-, Kalium und Wasserstoffionen und als Folge dessen zum Zelltod 29 , 30 , 31 . Amphotericin B kann verdünnt mit Wasser topisch (z.…”

Section: Häufigste Bei Aspergillose Verwendete Pilzmittelunclassified

Aspergillose bei Ziervogelpatienten – Teil 2: Diagnostik und Therapiemöglichkeiten

Graf-Wernick

2023

kleintier konkret

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Antimicrobial Drug Use in Companion Birds

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Disposition kinetics of robenacoxib following intravenous and oral administration in geese (Anser anser domesticus)

Disposition kinetics of robenacoxib following intravenous and oral administration in geese (Anser anser domesticus)

Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in geese (Anser anser domesticus) after intravenous and oral administrations

Aspergillose bei Ziervogelpatienten – Teil 2: Diagnostik und Therapiemöglichkeiten

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