Antimicrobial Drug Use in Rabbits, Rodents, and Ferrets

Wheler, Colette

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch36

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the European Union regulates the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, the existence of resistant organisms is still found, confirming their intensive use in therapy [48]. High susceptibility to erythromycin in this study may be attributed to the fact that this antibiotic is not used in rabbits due to its toxicity [49]. More resistant strains are thought to have the best chances of survival; thus, their prevalence increased as they filled the space left by those who did not survive the antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Of S Aureus Isolatessupporting

confidence: 53%

Rabbit meat as a potential source of multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains

Mahmoud,

Hafezm,

Abdullatif

et al. 2024

Teor. prakt. pererab. mâsa (Print)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus aureus in rabbit meat is a consequence of insufficient hygienic handling and improper processing posing a major health hazard. This study was conducted to assess rabbit meat as a potential source of Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, the identified S. aureus isolates were tested for the detection of the mecA virulence gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enterotoxin encoding genes (Sea, Seb, Sec, and Sed). A total of 80 samples of different rabbit meat cuts represented by shoulder, ribs, loin, and thigh (20 of each) were collected from various markets of different sanitation levels. The results obtained revealed that the mean counts of Staphylococcus species were 7.40×105 , 7.58×105 , 7.60×105 and 8.29×105 CFU/g in the examined shoulder, ribs, loin and thigh samples, respectively. Out of 17 identified S. aureus isolates, 5 (29.4%) strains were characterized by the presence of the mecA gene. A large proportion of the isolates obtained were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Enterotoxins were evaluated by ELISA. The results showed that three strains isolated from shoulder produced Sea, Seb, and Sec enterotoxins, the strains isolated from ribs failed to produce enterotoxins, while two strains isolated from loin and thigh produced Sea enterotoxin. The presence of S. aureus, especially MRSA strains, in the examined rabbit meat indicates the necessity of enforced application of strict hygienic measurements.

show abstract

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Of S Aureus Isolatessupporting

confidence: 53%

Rabbit meat as a potential source of multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains

Mahmoud,

Hafezm,

Abdullatif

et al. 2024

Teor. prakt. pererab. mâsa (Print)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diarrhea usually appears within 24 to 48 hr following administration of the drug, and most cases are fatal. Rats and mice are less vulnerable to this adverse effect of macrolide antibiotics (Wheler, ). As a consequence, erythromycin (and other macrolides) is contraindicated in rabbits in veterinary medicine and commonly cause gastrointestinal disturbance (e.g., vomiting, lack of appetite, diarrhea; Plumb, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Macrolide Antibiotics on Rat Embryonic Heart Function In Vitro

Nilsson

Webster

2014

Birth Defects Research Pt B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Swedish Medical Product Agency (MPA) has listed erythromycin as a suggested human teratogen, causing cardiovascular malformations. It is further suggested that this may be a class effect of macrolide antibiotics. The proposed teratogenic mechanism is blockade of the human ether-á-go-go-related (hERG)/IKr current in the embryonic heart causing bradycardia and arrhythmia resulting in altered cardiac blood flow and/or embryonic hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of three macrolide antibiotics on the function of the rat embryonic heart. Gestational day 13 rat embryos in vitro were exposed to erythromycin (25-500 μM), clarithromycin (25-500 μM), or azithromycin (100 μM to 1 mM) for 3 hr. The effect on the embryonic heart was monitored every hour. The results showed that erythromycin and clarithromycin caused a concentration-dependent bradycardia. Twenty-five micromolar was a no-effect concentration for erythromycin and was close to a no-effect concentration for clarithromycin. Azithromycin only caused significant bradycardia at 1 mM. Additional studies were performed with the embryos cultured at 40°C instead of 38°C, to mimic fever. The increased temperature increased the number of arrhythmias but did not worsen the drug-induced bradycardia. The results support the concept that erythromycin and clarithromycin can adversely affect the embryonic heart but only at concentrations well outside expected embryonic exposure in the human.

show abstract

Oral and middle ear delivery of otitis media standard of care antibiotics, but not biofilm-targeted antibodies, alter chinchilla nasopharyngeal and fecal microbiomes

Duff,

Jurcisek,

Kurbatfinski

et al. 2024

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most globally pervasive pediatric conditions. Translocation of nasopharynx-resident opportunistic pathogens like nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) assimilates into polymicrobial middle ear biofilms, which promote OM pathogenesis and substantially diminish antibiotic efficacy. Oral or tympanostomy tube (TT)-delivered antibiotics remain the standard of care (SOC) despite consequences including secondary infection, dysbiosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against two biofilm-associated structural proteins, NTHi-specific type IV pilus PilA (anti-rsPilA) and protective tip-region epitopes of NTHi integration host factor (anti-tip-chimer), were previously shown to disrupt biofilms and restore antibiotic sensitivity in vitro. However, the additional criterion for clinical relevance includes the absence of consequential microbiome alterations. Here, nine chinchilla cohorts (n = 3/cohort) without disease were established to evaluate whether TT delivery of mAbs disrupted nasopharyngeal or fecal microbiomes relative to SOC-OM antibiotics. Cohort treatments included a 7d regimen of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) or 2d regimen of TT-delivered mAb, AC, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS), ofloxacin, or saline. Fecal and nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL) samples were collected before and several days post treatment (DPT) for 16S sequencing. While antibiotic-treated cohorts displayed beta-diversity shifts (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05) and reductions in alpha diversity (q < 0.20) relative to baseline, mAb antibodies failed to affect diversity, indicating maintenance of a eubiotic state. Taxonomic and longitudinal analyses showed blooms in opportunistic pathogens (ANCOM) and greater magnitudes of compositional change (P < 0.05) following broad-spectrum antibiotic but not mAb treatments. Collectively, results showed broad-spectrum antibiotics induced significant fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiome disruption regardless of delivery route. Excitingly, biofilm-targeting antibodies had little effect on fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiomes.

show abstract

Antimicrobial Drug Use in Rabbits, Rodents, and Ferrets

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Rabbit meat as a potential source of multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains

Rabbit meat as a potential source of multidrug-resistant and enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains

Effects of Macrolide Antibiotics on Rat Embryonic Heart Function In Vitro

Oral and middle ear delivery of otitis media standard of care antibiotics, but not biofilm-targeted antibodies, alter chinchilla nasopharyngeal and fecal microbiomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About