Antimicrobial Effect of a Single Dose of Amoxicillin on the Oral Microbiota

Wexell, Cecilia Larsson; Ryberg, Henrik; Andersson, Wivi-Anne Sjöberg; Blomqvist, Susanne; Colin, Pieter; Bocxlaer, Jan Van; Dahlén, Gunnar

doi:10.1111/cid.12357

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, previous report indicated that bacterial composition of the salivary microbiota was stable against antibiotic treatment compared to feces microbiota, and impacts of antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and minocycline on the salivary microbiota composition were lost by 1 week to 1 month post-exposure (Zaura et al, 2015). Another report also suggested the impact of amoxicillin on salivary bacteria peaked out 4 h after exposure (Larsson Wexell et al, 2016). In this study, the pre-and post-treatment sampling were performed on an average of 26.5 ± 9.9 and 18.6 ± 9.3 days after antibiotics exposure, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Compositional Shift of Oral Microbiota Following Surgical Resection of Tongue Cancer

Kageyama

Nagao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Salivary microbiota is considered a source of microorganisms for the respiratory and digestive tracts, and a trigger for diseases in these distant organs. Meanwhile, the microbiota on the tongue surface is thought to be a major source of salivary microbiota. Therefore, surgical resection of the tongue for definitive treatment of oral cancer could drastically change the salivary bacterial balance and virulence. Here, we investigated the shift of the salivary microbiota following surgical resection in patients with tongue cancer. The stimulated saliva samples were collected from 25 tongue cancer patients pre- and post-resection of the tongue, and bacterial density and composition was determined using quantitative PCR analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, respectively. Although no significant difference in the total bacterial density in saliva pre- and post-surgery was observed, the bacterial composition significantly differed according to the analysis of similarity. Among predominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with ≥1% of relative abundance, the proportions of OTUs corresponding to Streptococcus salivarius, Prevotellamelaninogenica, and Prevotellahisticola were significantly decreased following the tongue resection. On the other hand, the proportions of OTUs corresponding to Lautropiamirabilis, Neisseriaflava, Streptococcussanguinis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, known to be inhabitants of dental plaque, were significantly increased. These results suggest that surgical resection of the tongue causes a compositional shift of the salivary microbiota, characterized by an increase in bacterial species derived from dental plaque, including periodontal pathogens. These results suggest the necessity of more careful and frequent postoperative oral care after surgical resection of tongue cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Compositional Shift of Oral Microbiota Following Surgical Resection of Tongue Cancer

Kageyama

Nagao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Prospective cohort studies revealed that Shannon biodiversity index was decreased during amoxicillin treatment and was subject to further reduction in the following 6 months’ time period ( Menon et al, 2019 ; Monroy-Pérez et al, 2020 ; Nel Van Zyl et al, 2022 ). The density of Neisseria, Streptococcus and Veillonella strains in the oral cavity was also reported to decrease during treatment with amoxicillin ( Larsson Wexell et al, 2016 ; Moraes et al, 2020 ). Save commonly used amoxicillin, other groups of antibiotics with various mechanisms of action can influence the oral microbiota and promote the selection of multi-drug resistant strains and their horizontal transmission ( Zaura et al, 2015 ; Moraes et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cultivable oral bacteriota dysbiosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

Gregorczyk-Maga

Fiema²,

Michal³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Potential interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the human oral microbiota are currently investigated widely. Patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting are at high risk of developing severe complications, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, thus making oral health management important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and assess the dysbiosis of cultivable oral bacteriota in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an ICU with acute respiratory distress within 36 h following intubation. In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 56 adult COVID-19 patients that qualified for mechanical ventilation in the Temporary ICU for COVID-19 Patients of the University Hospital in Krakow. On admission to the ICU, oral health of patients was assessed using the modified Beck Oral Assessment Score (BOAS). Four oral habitats were sampled, namely the buccal mucosa, tongue, buccal dental surface and gingival pocket. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. The mean age of the study population was 66.5 ± 12.7 years, there were 24 (42.9%) females. All patients included in this study were intubated and ventilated in the ICU, with a corresponding high mortality rate (76.8%). On admission to ICU, 76.8% subjects scored 11–20 on the BOAS scale (median 12 [IQR 10–14]), indicating moderate or severe dysfunction of oral health. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified in the oral microbiota samples, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 23.2%, 39.3%, 17.9%, and 19.6% of patients, respectively. Lactobacillus spp. were present in 57.1% subjects. The mean CFU counts of all bacteria strains in dental brushes were 9.3E+5 (1.4E+6) and in gingival pockets 7.6E+5 (1.4E+6). The highest CFU counts were observed for Enterococcus spp. and, Lactobacillus spp., although these did not differ significantly from CFU counts of Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. In this report we comprehensively characterized the oral health condition and cultivable oral bacteriota in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an ICU with acute respiratory distress within 36 h following intubation. The oral bacteriota showed significant qualitative and quantitative dysbiosis. Hospitalization in an ICU and mechanical ventilation are important factors leading to oral dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

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“…However, nearly all of the patients enrolled in this study received antibiotics at the time of intubation and a single dose of antibiotics has been shown to alter the microbiome of other body compartments and may impact our ability to evaluate the lower airways microbiome via tracheal aspirates. 40 , 41 Fifth, tracheal aspirates specimens may not adequately reflect lower lung bacteria. However, other methods such bronchiolar alveolar lavage are not frequently performed in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoke exposure, the lower airways microbiome and outcomes of ventilated children

et al. 2023

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Background Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk and severity of lower respiratory tract infections in children, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke exposure would modify the lower airway microbiome. Methods Secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort of 362 children between ages 31 days and 18 years mechanically ventilated for >72 h. Tracheal aspirates from 298 patients, collected within 24 h of intubation, were evaluated via 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Smoke exposure was determined by creatinine corrected urine cotinine levels ≥30 µg/g. Results Patients had a median age of 16 (IQR 568) months. The most common admission diagnosis was lower respiratory tract infection (53%). Seventy-four (20%) patients were smoke exposed and exhibited decreased richness and Shannon diversity. Smoke exposed children had higher relative abundances of Serratia spp., Moraxella spp ., Haemophilus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus . Differences were most notable in patients with bacterial and viral respiratory infections. There were no differences in development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, days of mechanical ventilation, ventilator free days at 28 days, length of stay, or mortality. Conclusion Among critically ill children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, tobacco smoke exposure is associated with decreased richness and Shannon diversity and change in microbial communities. Impact Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with changes in the lower airways microbiome but is not associated with clinical outcomes among critically ill pediatric patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. This study is among the first to evaluate the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on the lower airway microbiome in children. This research helps elucidate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the lower airway microbiome and may provide a possible mechanism by which tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk for poor outcomes in children.

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Antimicrobial Effect of a Single Dose of Amoxicillin on the Oral Microbiota

Abstract: A single dose given as prophylaxis to prevent a surgical-site infection results in a significant reducing effect on the oral streptococcal microflora in the gingival crevice and may have an impact on bacteria spreading into tissues and the bacteremia of streptococci.

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Compositional Shift of Oral Microbiota Following Surgical Resection of Tongue Cancer

Compositional Shift of Oral Microbiota Following Surgical Resection of Tongue Cancer

Cultivable oral bacteriota dysbiosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

Tobacco smoke exposure, the lower airways microbiome and outcomes of ventilated children

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