Antimicrobial Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Electrolyzed Superoxidized Solution at Neutral pH on Enterococcus faecalis Growth

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and a novel electrolyzed superoxidized solution at neutral pH, known as OxOral® on Enterococcus faecalis growth in root canals. Methods. Sixty human teeth were used, from which root canals were infected and randomly divided into the following treatment groups: saline solution, saline solution plus Ca(OH)2, OxOral®, and OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2. Results. A permanent reduction in bacterial growth was observed at days 1, 6, 12, and 18 after OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2 treatment from 4.4 ± 0.074 log 10 CFU / mL to 0.0 ± 0.001 log 10 CFU / mL . In addition, alkaline conditions maintenance was observed from application time ( pH = 12.2 ± 0.033 ) to 18 d posttreatment ( pH = 12.6 ± 0.083 ). Conclusion. The combination of OxOral® and Ca(OH)2 provides an alkaline pH and inhibits E. faecalis growth into the root canals. Our study opens the possibility for further research on the use of OxOral® in endodontic therapy.

Electrolysed oxidising water as a multi‐purpose biocide in dental healthcare—A scoping review

“…Significant microbicidal activity is reported in suspension assays either with fixed contact times or time‐kill assays against bacterial and fungal type strains, and clinical isolates 9,50,57,58,61–70,72–85,104,112 . Variables in biofilm assays include EOW generation, 73,74 ACC, 77 mono‐cultures 90,91,94,95,97–102 or mixed‐cultures, 93,96 biofilm formation time, biofilm models, 75,90 irrigation regimens (duration and mode), 91,94,102 solo application or in combination with other agents 99,103 and anolyte‐catholyte ratio 94,130 …”

“…Liquid growth/viability assays were performed either as stand-alone procedures or prior to anti-biofilm activity measurements (30 reports 9,50,57,58, ) and as a comparative method in one 86 of the four reports that investigated EOW effectiveness by agar diffusion assays. 66,[86][87][88] In vitro adherence and anti-biofilm assays (36 reports) were performed using laboratory biofilm models (11 reports, 70,[73][74][75][77][78][79][89][90][91][92] ), extracted human teeth (14 reports 90,91,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] ), bovine teeth (1 report 105 ) and biomaterial substrates (10 reports 24,61,83,[106][107][108][109][110][111][112] ).…”

“…56 Suspension and biofilm assays report efficacy as a reduction in colony forming units (cfu), non-detectable counts, percentage killing and growth inhibition. Antibiofilm assays also report efficacy as changes to the biofilm cover (structural observations), 61,70,75,77,78,89,91,101,102,[109][110][111] gene expression (RT-qPCR) 79 and biofilm composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing). 92 Significant microbicidal activity is reported in suspension assays either with fixed contact times or time-kill assays against bacterial and fungal type strains, and clinical isolates .…”

“…92 Significant microbicidal activity is reported in suspension assays either with fixed contact times or time-kill assays against bacterial and fungal type strains, and clinical isolates . 9,50,57,58,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]104,112 Variables in biofilm assays include EOW generation, 73,74 ACC, 77 mono-cultures 90,91,94,95,[97][98][99][100][101][102] or mixed-cultures, 93,96 biofilm formation time, biofilm models, 75,90 irrigation regimens (duration and mode), 91,…”

Antibacterial efficacy of a pH-neutral electrolyzed super-oxidized solution for nonsurgical periodontal treatment

“…During electrolysis, the molecules are dissociated, and chlorine and oxygen are formed. These products destroy nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids [ 15 , 16 ].…”