Antimicrobial Effect of Different Sizes of Nano Zinc Oxide on Oral Microorganisms

Abstract

Objectives:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of various sizes and concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum), and Candida albicans (C. albicans).Materials and Methods:Solutions at the concentration of 10 μg/ml were prepared using 20-nm, 40-nm, and 140-nm nano ZnO (nZnO) powder. The antimicrobial effect of nZnO was determined using the disk diffusion method. The inhibition zone (mm) was measured using a ruler. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni correction. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of nZnO were determined using the broth microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) for S. mutans and E. faecalis, De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA).Results:The greatest inhibition zones were observed against S. mutans with 20-nm and 40-nm nZnO, while 140-nm nZnO formed the greatest inhibition zones against S. mutans and E. faecalis. The smallest inhibition zones were observed against C. albicans with the three nZnO particle sizes. The MICs for C. albicans with 40-nm and 140-nm particles and for L. fermentum with 140-nm particles were higher than 10 μg/ml. A significant correlation was found between the particle size and the antibacterial activity against S. mutans (P=0.00), L. fermentum, and E. faecalis (P<0.02).Conclusion:The antimicrobial activity of nZnO increases with decreasing the particle size. The greatest antimicrobial effect was observed against S. mutans and E. faecalis. S. mutans is more sensitive to the changes in the particle size compared to other bacteria.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Water Purification

“…The MIC evaluation used the same types of standard bacterial strains as this study, obtaining a value of 500 µg/mL for both strains. Many studies show that Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts are more resistant to the action of ZnO nanoparticles [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Cellular Uptake and Toxicological Effects of Differently Sized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Intestinal Cells

“…Metal oxides are the most commonly used nanomaterials [ 6 ], and ZnO NP are the most produced metal oxide NP [ 7 ]. ZnO NP have unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties and are mostly used for electronic components, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, among other applications [ 8 , 9 ]. ZnO NP have some beneficial characteristics for food packaging, such as photocatalytic activity, a high stability, and antimicrobial effects.…”

Does the Addition of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Improve the Antibacterial Properties of Direct Dental Composite Resins? A Systematic Review

“…One promising approach has been the addition of metal oxide nanoparticles into the resin matrix [ 18 ]. As the antibacterial activity of metal oxides is dependent on the total contact surface area, the incorporation of nanoparticulate (1–100 nm) metal oxides allows for superior antibacterial properties, as the surface to volume ratio increases exponentially with decreasing particle size [ 19 , 20 ]. Similarly, silver nanoparticles have been incorporated as antibacterial agents without causing significant detrimental changes to the mechanical properties of dental composites [ 21 ].…”