Antimicrobial Effects of Anion Manipulation with Biocompatible Choline Carboxylic Acid-Based Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Bacteria are constantly developing greater antibiotic resistance; therefore, safe, efficacious, and cost-effective antibiotics are urgently needed. Ionic liquids (ILs) show great promise as antimicrobial agents because of their ability to disrupt bacterial membranes. In this study, a library of choline carboxylic acid-based ionic liquids were synthesized and utilized in vitro to discern their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Here, choline was combined with carboxylic acids of varying alkyl chain lengths, degrees of saturation, and mole ratios and then added to E. coli and MRSA at different concentrations to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MBC is linked to the presence of the anion because, when the cation is held constant, increasing the alkyl chain to its peak length, doubling the mole ratio, and removing the π bonds with respect to the anion tend to decrease MBC values, illustrating greater killing efficacy. This investigation provides insight into how the identity of the anion impacts the biocompatibility of the IL and the growth inhibition and morphology of the bacteria, ultimately establishing this class of materials as an effective, human-safe, and low-cost option for eradication of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Imidazolium-based zwitterionic liquid-modified PEG–PLGA nanoparticles as a potential intravenous drug delivery carrier

“…Hence, to investigate if there is any competitive and selective the effect of neat zwitterionic liquid, zwitterion-coated nanoparticles, and its PEG–PLGA control on MCF-10A cell viability was assessed with the Promega's CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay by adding varying concentrations of nanoparticles or neat ZIL in the cell medium and incubating for 24 h. The CellTiter-Glo assay measures the luminescence generated from the amount of ATP provided by metabolically active cells. 64,65 Based on the viability data, no noticeable effect on cell viability was observed among the tested neat ZIL and ZIL-NPs concentrations (Fig. 7A and B).…”

Ionic liquids revolutionizing biomedicine: recent advances and emerging opportunities

“…However, the antibacterial behavior of anions has been an important factor, especially for ILs with less toxic cations. [94][95][96] When paired with chaotropic anions, ILs with cations exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity compared to ILs with non-chaotropic anions. The stronger chaotropic anions promote destabilization and disruption of bacterial cell membranes, increasing the susceptibility of bacteria to the ILs' antimicrobial effects.…”

Choline Carboxylic Acid Ionic Liquid-Stabilized Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy

“…Herein, we have developed a silver-free modified version of the seeded method to synthesize biocompatible IL-based anisotropic AuNPs for photothermal therapy of MDA-MB-231 cells. , We employ choline paired with a decanoic acid anion (hereafter called CADA), an FDA-approved medium-chain fatty acid with previously shown antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. − CADA facilitates the formation of CADA AuNPs with quasi-spherical morphology, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CADA AuNP demonstrates excellent in vitro biocompatibility with both MCF-10A and MDA-MB-231 cells.…”