Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against dental caries bacteria: An in vitro study

Abstract

BackgroundEthnomedicine is gaining admiration since years but still there is abundant medicinal flora which is unrevealed through research. The study was conducted to assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts with a view of searching a novel extract as a remedy for dental caries pathogens.Material and MethodsAqueous and ethanol (cold and hot) extracts prepared from peel of Citrus sinensis were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, using agar well diffusion method. The lowest concentration of every extract considered as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for both test organisms. One way ANOVA with Post Hoc Bonferroni test was applied for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively.ResultsDental caries pathogens were inhibited most by hot ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensispeel followed by cold ethanolic extract. Aqueous extracts were effective at very high concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration of hot and cold ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel ranged between 12-15 mg/ml against both the dental caries pathogens.ConclusionsCitrus sinensispeels extract was found to be effective against dental caries pathogens and contain compounds with therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, clinical trials on the effect of these plants are essential before advocating large-scale therapy. Key words:Agar well diffusion, antimicrobial activity, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracts from Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel

“…Similarly, both the bacteria S. aureus CCTCC AB9105 (MIC 100 μg mL −1 ) and E. coli CCTCC AB94014 (MIC 400 μg mL −1 ) were reported to be highly susceptible to the 80% ethanol extract of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae . The MIC of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel against varieties of dental caries pathogens were between 11.5 and 12.5 mg mL −1 , versus 0.16–2.50 mg mL −1 in our present report. The difference in antibacterial activity between them could be due to variation in chemical composition and their penetration ability through the cell membrane of bacterial pathogens .…”

Combined impacts of zein coating enriched with methanolic and ethanolic extracts of sour orange peel and vacuum packing on the shelf life of refrigerated rainbow trout

“…The TVC for the zein‐treated sample was higher than the limit on the last day of storage, but the TVCs for CzVEeEm, CzVEe, and CzVEm treatments remained below the limit up to the last day of storage. This can be linked to the antibacterial characteristics of the zein coating and the sour orange peel extract …”

“…This can be linked to the antibacterial characteristics of the zein coating and the sour orange peel extract. 46 Psychrotrophic bacteria (PTC) are the main group of bacteria responsible for the spoilage of aerobically kept fresh fish meat. 47 The initial rate of PTC in the control sample was 5.17 ± 0.18 CFU g -1 , which was higher than for other treatments, which may be related to the rapid antimicrobial influence of the zein coating as a result of its alcoholic nature and of the sour orange peel extracts.…”

Effects of dietary dehydrated lemon peel on some biochemical markers related to general metabolism, welfare and stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.)

“…Such kind of natural immunostimulants are medicinal plants, among these C. limon , and citrus plants in general, have long been used to treat many diseases in traditional medicine such as obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, high blood pressure, inflammation (Padilla‐Camberos et al, ; Park et al, ; Parra et al, ; Tort, ), brain disorders, cancer (Lim et al, ; Parra et al, ; Shetty et al, ; Tort, ), microbial infections (Ou et al, ; Park et al, ; Shetty et al, ), digestive disorders (Padilla‐Camberos et al, ; Park et al, ; Shetty et al, ), vitamin deficiencies (Shetty et al, ) and bronchial, asthmatic and degenerative diseases (Lim et al, ) among others. In general, the different parts of citrus plants have beneficial properties, for example immune‐enhancing (Padilla‐Camberos et al, ; Shetty et al, ) and anti‐toxic (Chowdhury et al, ), and present antioxidant (Cho et al, ; Gómez et al, ; Nouri & Shafaghatlonbar, ; Ou et al, ; Padilla‐Camberos et al, ; Wu et al, ), antibacterial (Ou et al, ; Ramadan et al, ; Shetty et al, ), anti‐diabetic (Menichini et al, ; Padilla‐Camberos et al, ; Wu et al, ), anti‐inflammatory (Ramadan et al, ), hepato‐protective (Chowdhury et al, ), neuro‐protective (Ramadan et al, ) and kidney‐protective (Sridharan et al, ) activities due to the phenolic compounds they contain, such as terpenes (Nakajima et al, ; Ou et al, ; Park, Lee, & Park, ; Park et al, ; Shetty et al, ) phenolic acids (Ou et al, ; Park et al, ; Shetty et al, ) and flavonoids (Gómez et al, ; Lee et al, ; Lim et al, ; Nakajima et al, ; Okuyama & Zasshi, ; Park et al, ; Shetty et al, ; Wu et al, ). For these important reasons it was decided to test the effects of this important fruit on gilthead seabream, as on...…”