Antimicrobial effects of various endodontic irrigants on selected microorganisms

ResumoIntrodução: A própolis é uma substância resinosa e complexa; produzida pelas abelhas, destaca-se por suas propriedades terapêuticas, como atividade antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante. Poucos trabalhos existem sobre a variedade de própolis vermelha, encontrada no Estado de Sergipe. Objetivo: Avaliar a ação antimicrobiana do extrato de própolis vermelha, coletada na região nordeste do Estado de Sergipe, contra cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. Material e método: As amostras de própolis vermelha foram coletadas em Brejo Grande-SE, Brasil, e identificadas segundo suas características sensoriais, a granulometria e requisitos físico-químicos. O teor de flavonoides no extrato seco foi determinado. Soluções de própolis vermelha (EEP) foram preparadas nas concentrações de 1%; 2,5%; 5% e 7,5%. A cepa bacteriana de referência utilizada foi Enterococcus faecalis -ATCC 29212. A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada por meio de testes in vitro (teste de difusão em disco e determinação da concentração bactericida mínima -CBM) e ex vivo (utilizando dentes humanos extraídos). No teste ex vivo, os dentes contaminados foram divididos em três grupos com dez dentes cada. O grupo 1 foi tratado com própolis a 7,5% (concentração determinada no teste CBM); o grupo 2 foi tratado como controle positivo, com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, e o grupo 3 foi utilizado como controle negativo, sendo tratado apenas com solução salina NaCl 0,9%. Resultado: O extrato de própolis promoveu halo de inibição comparado ao da solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, variando entre 12 e 16 mm. Não houve crescimento bacteriano após irrigação do conduto radicular com a solução de EEP a 7,5%. Conclusão: A própolis coletada apresentou médio teor de flavonoides (1,8%) e características físico-químicas coerentes com as exigidas pelo Ministério da Agricultura. Na concentração de 7,5% de própolis vermelha, foi observado um maior potencial antibacteriano quando comparado aos demais grupos. Descritores: Própolis; bactérias; Enterococcus faecalis. AbstractIntroduction: Propolis is a complex resinous substance produced by bees that has therapeutic properties, such as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, healing. Few studies exist on the red variety of propolis, found in the state of Sergipe. Objective: Evaluation of the antimicrobial action of the extract of propolis red collected in the northeastern state of Sergipe, against strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Material and method: The red propolis samples were collected in Brejo Grande/SE -Brazil and identified according to their sensory characteristics, granulometry and physical chemical requirements. The content of flavonoids in dried extract was determined. Solutions of red propolis (EEP) were prepared at concentrations of 1%; 2.5%; 5% and 7.5%. The bacterial strain used was Enterococcus faecalis -ATCC 29212. The antibacterial activity was verified by in vitro tests (disk diffusion test and determination of minimum bactericidal concentration -CBM) and ex vivo (using human extracted...

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“…Este material foi incubado em anaerobiose, por 48 horas, a 37°C, e a cultura obtida foi semeada em placas contendo BHI ágar [36][37][38] .…”

Section: Estudo In Vitrounclassified

Estudo da ação antibacteriana do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis vermelha sobre Enterococcus faecalis

Siqueira

Dantas

Gomes

et al. 2014

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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“…119 In contrast, the combination of Calen and CMCP paste was reported 116 as the most effective intracanal medicament compared to a variety of medicaments including 2% CHX solution, Calen paste and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for the elimination of E. faecalis and C. albicans using sampling with sterile paper points after 15 days in human teeth. 116 In a study by Ayhan et al, 120 Cresophene (a mix of 30% paramonochloro-phenol, 5% thymol, 0.1% dexamethasone) (Septodont, Saint-Maur, France) had one of the highest levels of antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion when compared with five other irrigants. However, the authors cautioned against using Cresophene due to its known cytotoxic and possible carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties.…”

Section: (D) Phenolic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Athanassiadis

Abbott

Walsh

2007

Australian Dental Journal

300

278

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Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria as possible from the root canal system and then to create an environment in which any remaining organisms cannot survive. This can only be achieved through the use of a combination of aseptic treatment techniques, chemomechanical preparation of the root canal, antimicrobial irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The choice of which intracanal medicament to use is dependent on having an accurate diagnosis of the condition being treated, as well as a thorough knowledge of the type of organisms likely to be involved and their mechanisms of growth and survival. Since the disease is likely to have been caused by the presence of bacteria within the root canal, the use of an antimicrobial agent is essential. Many medicaments have been used in an attempt to achieve the above aims but no single preparation has been found to be completely predictable or effective. Commonly used medicaments include calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, non-phenolic biocides, phenolic biocides and iodine compounds. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and further research is required to determine which is best suited for root canal infections.Key words: Endodontics, bacteria, antimicrobial, medicaments.Abbreviations and acronyms: Ca(OH) 2 = calcium hydroxide; CFU = colony forming units; CHX = chlorhexidine; CMP = camphorated monochlorophenol; CP = camphorated phenol; IPI = iodine potassium iodide; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; NaOCI = sodium hypochlorite; PEG = polyethyleneglycol; PMCP = paramonochlorophenol; QAC = quaternary ammonium compounds.

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“…The antibacterial effect of CHX against all the microorganisms in the present study has already been shown (D'Arcangelo et al, 1991). Studies have shown that CHX is effective against bacterial species found in infected root canals, including S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. salivarius, E. coli and C. albicans (Ayhan et al, 1999). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of adding chlorhexidine to calcium enriched mixture (CEM) on its antimicrobial activity

Froughreyhani¹,

Ghasemi²,

Safaralizadeh³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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In recent years, a new endodontic cement, calcium enriched mixture (CEM) has been introduced; with clinical applications similar to those of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). It has been shown that CEM has higher antibacterial activity than MTA. On the other hand, use of chlorhexidine (CHX) to promote the antibacterial activity of different dental materials is increasing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding CHX to CEM on its antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activities of the materials under study [(CEM cement + CEM solution + 2%CHX) and (CEM cement + CEM solution)] against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using agar diffusion technique, followed by determination of the diameter of microbial zone of inhibition around the materials by three independent observers after 72 h. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. The mean diameters of zones of inhibition in the CEM + CEM liquid and CEM + CEM liquid + CHX groups against P. aeroginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus and E. coli were (13.2 and 9), (21.10 and 6), (20.2 and 9) and (17 and 9.75) ml, respectively, with larger diameters in the CEM + CEM solution + CHX group as compared to CEM + CEM solution group with all the microorganisms (P<0.05). Incorporation of CHX with CEM resulted in an increase in antimicrobial activity of CEM.

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Antimicrobial effects of various endodontic irrigants on selected microorganisms

Cited by 119 publications

References 26 publications

Estudo da ação antibacteriana do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis vermelha sobre Enterococcus faecalis

Estudo da ação antibacteriana do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis vermelha sobre Enterococcus faecalis

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Effect of adding chlorhexidine to calcium enriched mixture (CEM) on its antimicrobial activity

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