Antimicrobial Efficacy of Glass Ionomer Cement in Incorporation with Biogenic Zingiber officinale Capped Silver-Nanobiotic, Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Lyophilized Miswak

Abstract

In the present study, Zingiber officinale is used for the synthesis of Zingiber officinale capped silver nanoparticles (ZOE-AgNPs) and compares the antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) combined with ZOE-AgNPs, lyophilized miswak, and chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) against oral microbes. Five groups of the disc-shaped GIC specimens were prepared. Group A: lyophilized miswak and GIC combination, Group B: ZOE-AgNPs and GIC combinations, Group C: CHX and GIC combination, Group D: ZOE-AgNPs + CHX + GIC; Group E: Conventional GIC. Results confirmed the successful formation of ZOE-AgNPs that was monitored by UV-Vis sharp absorption spectra at 415 nm. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results revealed the formation of ZOE-AgNPs with a mean size 10.5–14.12 nm. The peaks of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were appearing the involvement of ZOE components onto the surface of ZOE-AgNPs which played as bioreducing, and stabilizing agents. At a 24-h, one-week and three-week intervals, Group D showed the significantly highest mean inhibitory zones compared to Group A, Group B, and Group C. At microbe-level comparison, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited significantly by all the specimens tested except group E when compared to Candida albicans. Group D specimens showed slightly higher (45.8 ± 5.4) mean compressive strength in comparison with other groups. The combination of GIC with ZOE-AgNPs and chlorhexidine together enhanced its antimicrobial efficacy and compressive strength compared to GIC with ZOE-AgNPs or lyophilized miswak or chlorhexidine combination alone. The present study revealed that The combination of GIC with active components of ZOE-AgNPs and chlorhexidine paves the way to lead its effective nano-dental materials applications.

A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Compressive Strength of Ginger and Clove-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement

“…Premkishore et al [11] and Saleh et al [12] reported the robust antibacterial activity of the ginger extract against Streptococcus mutans. Additionally, Hegde et al [13] [15], a finding consistent with our current study. The current study's results indicate that the antibacterial efficacy of ginger against Streptococcus mutans may stem from its valuable phytoconstituents, which exhibit a high affinity for the surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans.…”

“…Furthermore, Ahmed et al and Azizi et al demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Streptococcus sanguinis cariogenic microorganisms [ 14 ]. In 2022, Ashour et al revealed that combining GIC with active components of ginger extract and chlorhexidine could enhance antimicrobial properties effectively [ 15 ], a finding consistent with our current study. The current study's results indicate that the antibacterial efficacy of ginger against Streptococcus mutans may stem from its valuable phytoconstituents, which exhibit a high affinity for the surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans .…”

Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements—Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

“…The use of NPs alone or in combination with a known antibiotic (amoxicillin) led to significantly improved results, both in term of antimicrobial efficiency (compared with GIC, but also with the use of amoxicillin by itself) and in terms of compressive strength (compared with GIC and amoxicillin), with superior results for the application of the composite than for the single use of NPs [ 46 ]. Similar results were obtained by Ashour et al [ 47 ] when evaluating the possibilities of incorporating AgNPs phytosynthesized using ginger extract in GIC. The authors observed an increase in both antimicrobial efficiency and compressive strength when surveying the potential of AgNPs and chlorhexidine compared with any of the components used by themselves.…”

Comparison and Advanced Antimicrobial Strategies of Silver and Copper Nanodrug-Loaded Glass Ionomer Cement against Dental Caries Microbes

“…Furthermore, AgNPs and TVE-CuNPs were conjugated with the SH group in proteins and damageed nucleic acids. In the current research, and for the first time, as shown in Table 4 , GIC was combined with metronidazole and TVE-CuNPs or AgNPs, and the result demonstrates a significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy against the tested microbes when compared to the GIC with a single antimicrobial agent as well as the conventional GIC without any combinations [ 32 , 36 , 37 ]. Furthermore, the compressive strength difference across all GIC groups was statistically negligible ( p > 0.05).…”