Antimicrobial Efficacy of Irradiation with Visible Light on Oral Bacteria<i>In Vitro</i>: A Systematic Review

Pummer, Andreas; Hiller, Karl‐Anton; Buchalla, Wolfgang; Maisch, Tim

doi:10.4155/fmc-2017-0051

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Much higher doses of 460 nm and 500 nm wavelengths were necessary to induce a bactericidal effect, whereas the 630 nm irradiation was ineffective. Therefore, in accordance with other studies, the efficacy of bacterial photoinactivation at different wavelengths mainly correlates with the light absorption spectrum of endogenous porphyrins, decreasing with the increase in irradiation wavelength (Pummer et al, 2017). However, the observed photoinactivation of H. pylori by light of 450-470 nm is much higher than expected on the basis of porphyrin absorption characteristics, since they only exhibit a strong absorption in the spectral region of 380-420 nm and a weak absorption in the 500-650 nm range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The in vitro Photoinactivation of Helicobacter pylori by a Novel LED-Based Device

et al. 2020

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The rise of antibiotic resistance is the main cause for the failure of conventional antibiotic therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection, which is often associated with severe gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. In the last years, alternative non-pharmacological approaches have been considered in the treatment of H. pylori infection. Among these, antimicrobial PhotoDynamic Therapy (aPDT), a light-based treatment able to photoinactivate a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungal and protozoan parasites, could represent a promising therapeutic strategy. In the case of H. pylori, aPDT can exploit photoactive endogenous porphyrins, such as protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin I and III, to induce photokilling, without any other exogenous photosensitizers. With the aim of developing an ingestible LED-based robotic pill for minimally invasive intragastric treatment of H. pylori infection, it is crucial to determine the best illumination parameters to activate the endogenous photosensitizers. In this study the photokilling effect on H. pylori has been evaluated by using a novel LED-based device, designed for testing the appropriate LEDs for the pill and suitable to perform in vitro irradiation experiments. Exposure to visible light induced bacterial photokilling most effectively at 405 nm and 460 nm. Sub-lethal light dose at 405 nm caused morphological changes on bacterial surface indicating the cell wall as one of the main targets of photodamage. For the first time endogenous photosensitizing molecules other than porphyrins, such as flavins, have been suggested to be involved in the 460 nm H. pylori photoinactivation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The in vitro Photoinactivation of Helicobacter pylori by a Novel LED-Based Device

et al. 2020

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“…We also found that light therapy alone also has significant antibacterial effects on microorganisms ( Pummer et al, 2017 ). There are reports suggesting that light from the visible spectrum alone might lead to an autophotosensitization process inducing production of ROS in pathogens as a result of an accumulation of endogenous substances already present within biofilms or tissue that can act as PS ( Cieplik et al, 2014b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…According to our study we thought that this cascade of reactions is induced by Nox, which may also be one of its targets. And we speculate that the T. rubrum may have endogenous porphyrins and occurred autophotosensitization process induced by 420-nm IPL refer to the antimicrobial efficacy of irradiation with visible light on bacteria in vitro ( Pummer et al, 2017 ) so that the further exploration is needed. However, based on our findings, 420-nm IPL is a new potential tool to treat superficial fungal diseases caused by T. rubrum and possibly those caused by other fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of NADPH Oxidase in the Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by 420-nm Intense Pulsed Light

Huang

Chen

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on Trichophyton rubrum and investigate its mechanism of action.Methods: The viability of fungi treated with IPL alone and with IPL combined with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) pretreatment was determined by MTT assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined by commercial kits. The transcription of the Nox gene was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, and micromorphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, fungal keratinase activity was detected by measuring dye release from keratin azure.Results: The growth declined with statistical significance after 6 h of treatment (P < 0.001). The ROS and MDA content increased after IPL treatment, whereas the SOD and GSH-Px activity decreased. Nox gene expression was upregulated, and the micromorphology was damaged. Keratinase activity decreased. Fungi that received DPI pretreatment exhibited contrasting outcomes.Conclusion: We found that 420-nm IPL significantly inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of T. rubrum in vitro. A suggested mechanism involves Nox as a factor that mediates 420-nm IPL-induced oxidative damage of T. rubrum.

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“…An alternative antimicrobial approach to the treatment of periodontitis is lethal photosensitization or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Visible light, augmented by an exogenous photosensitizer (light-absorbing dye molecules), has been found to be effective as a non-specific treatment against a number of microbial species [28][29][30][31][32][33], and for inactivation of oral biofilm [33,34]. However, the use of dyes is associated with two main problems: the inability of the dye to diffuse throughout the biofilm and the compromised esthetic results owing to staining of the oral tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Killing mechanism of bacteria within multi-species biofilm by blue light

Shany‐Kdoshim

Polak

Houri‐Haddad

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to characterize the immediate and delayed effects of non-coherent blue-light treatment on the composition and viability of an in vitro biofilm composed of anaerobic multispecies, as well as the mechanisms involved. Methods: A multispecies biofilm was constructed of Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, test groups were exposed to blue light. The multispecies biofilm was explored with a newly developed method based on flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The involvement of the paracrine pathway in the phototoxic mechanism was investigated by a crossover of the supernatants between monospecies P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum biofilms. Results: Blue light led to a reduction of about 50% in the viable pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, vs that in the non-exposed biofilm. Biofilm thickness was also reduced by 50%. The phototoxic effect of blue light on mono-species biofilm was observed in P. gingivalis, whereas F. nucleatum biofilm was unaffected. A lethal effect was obtained when the supernatant of P. gingivalis biofilm previously exposed to blue light was added to the F. nucleatum biofilm. The effect was circumvented by the addition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers to the supernatant. Conclusion: Blue-light has an impact on the bacterial composition and viability of the multispecies biofilm. The phototoxic effect of blue light on P. gingivalis in biofilm was induced directly and on F. nucleatum via ROS mediators of the paracrine pathway. This phenomenon may lead to a novel approach for 'replacement therapy,' resulting in a less periodontopathogenic biofilm. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Irradiation with Visible Light on Oral BacteriaIn Vitro: A Systematic Review

Abstract: More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

The in vitro Photoinactivation of Helicobacter pylori by a Novel LED-Based Device

The in vitro Photoinactivation of Helicobacter pylori by a Novel LED-Based Device

The Role of NADPH Oxidase in the Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by 420-nm Intense Pulsed Light

Killing mechanism of bacteria within multi-species biofilm by blue light

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