Antimicrobial Mechanisms of &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;

Reygaert, Wanda

doi:10.5772/67363

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The species E. coli presents an interesting ecological study due to the transition of the genus across mutualism, commensalism, and pathogenesis ( Braz et al., 2020 ). In the mutualistic role, certain strains of E. coli are responsible for the production of vitamin K 2 (menaquinone) which aids in clotting ( Reygaert, 2017 ). The gut microbiota, including E. coli , contributes not only to host nutrition but also to host food metabolism, drug metabolism, and immune system development ( Fabbiano et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: The Ecological Role Of Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Kaushik

Sarkar

Singh

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Escherichia is a genus of prokaryotic gram-negative bacteria which forms a vital component of the gut microbiota of homeotherms including humans. Many members of this genus are commensals and pathogenic strains, which are responsible for some of the most common bacterial infections and can be fatal, particularly in the case of newborns and children. The fecal matter in wastewater treatment plants serves as major environmental sinks for the accumulation of Escherichia. The rise in antibiotic pollution and the lateral gene exchange of antibiotic-resistant genes have created antibiotic-resistant Escherichia strains that are often called superbugs. Antibiotic resistance has reached a crisis level that nowadays existing antibiotics are no longer effective. One way of tackling this emerging concern is by using nanomaterials. Punitively, nanomaterials can be used by conjugating with antibodies, biomolecules, and peptides to reduce antibiotic usage, whereas, preventatively, they can be used as either nano-antimicrobial additives or nano-photocatalytic sheets to reduce the microbial population and target the superbugs of environmental Escherichia. In this review, we have explored the threat posed by pathogenic Escherichia strains in the environment, especially in the context of antibiotic-resistant strains. Along with this, we have discussed some nanomaterial-mediated strategies in which the problem can be addressed by using nanomaterials as nanophotocatalytics, antimicrobial additives, drugs, and drug conjugates. This review also presents a brief overview of the ecological threats posed by the overuse of nanomaterials which warrants a balanced and judicious approach to the problem.

show abstract

Section: The Ecological Role Of Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Kaushik

Sarkar

Singh

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The genes which are encoded by the ESBLs are located in the plasmid of the bacterium cell and most cases, they are transferred through horizontal transfer to other cells. E. coli has acquired resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through the production of the β-lactamase enzyme which is used to break down the β-lactam ring of most penicillin derivatives [8]. β-lactamase enzymes are the biggest and greatest reason why penicillin drugs are failing to eradicate infections behind E. coli bacteria.…”

Section: Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to these broad-spectrum cephalosporins quickly emerged. As early as 1983, Germany published the first report on the SHV2 enzyme that can hydrolyze these antibiotics [8]. The continuous use of these third-generation cephalosporins has brought along dynamic inducement on the production of many mutated lactamases in many bacteria, allowing survival and denying drug effects.…”

Section: Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli

Jariremombe¹

2023

Escherichia Coli - Old and New Insights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Escherichia coli has become a major significant pathogen behind infections, many researches have been conducted on possible drugs that can successfully eradicate the pathogenic isolates. To ensure survival, E. coli strains improvised resistant mechanisms to allow them to maneuver through with life among bactericidal agents. The chapter gives an overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms found in major groups of antimicrobial drugs. E. coli uses enzymes in defying drug susceptibility for example aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in modifying drug recognition sites, in cephalosporin, penicillin the pathogen indulged in the use of β-lactamases to break down the β-lactam ring on the structure of the drugs. In fluoroquinolones, the pathogen uses efflux pumps, DNA gyrase mutation as a mechanism of resistance. The continuous use of drugs induces resistance mechanisms to increase, there is a need for continuous researches on drugs effectivity and the discovery of new and better medication to fight against E. coli pathogens.

show abstract

“…This variance in performance comes from bacterial chromosomes or plasmids of microorganisms. Usually, Gram-negative bacteria employ all the mentioned four mechanisms and, therefore, they can horizontally transfer the resistant elements, leading to more resistant activity (Reygaert, 2017). Moreover, the cell membranes of the mentioned classes of bacteria are significantly different.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of a promising oregano‐extract/psyllium‐seed mucilage edible film for food packaging

Hajivand

Aryanejad

Akbari

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, Psyllium‐seed mucilage (PSM) and oregano extract (OE) were incorporated into the design of a promising, biodegradable, and antimicrobial edible film to enhance the shelf life of food. Various OE‐PSM films with different concentrations of OE, PSM, and glycerol, as a plasticizer, were fabricated. Further physicochemical, mechanical, and structural studies demonstrated an enhancement in the films' thickness, extensibility, and water‐related properties (excluding water vapor permeability [WVP]) by increasing the glycerol and OE content. Also, the final OE‐PSM films presented a bit yellow and opaque appearance. The effectiveness of fabricated films against microbial attacks was confirmed by the in vitro zone of inhibition measurement against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, almost 118 and 77 mm, respectively. In addition, the efficiency of films on the extension of the postharvest lifetime of strawberries to 16 days was optically approved by determining the coated strawberries decay. All mentioned above confirmed the potential of the developed OE‐PSM as a promising edible film. Practical Application Recently, new technology and materials have prompted to meet the consumers' demand for healthier and safer food. To support this claim, we developed a productive edible film (plasticized OE‐PSM film) which showed acceptable biodegradability, mechanical stability, water resistance, and antimicrobial efficiency. The unique properties of this edible film have made it a promising film, which is not only potent to extend the shelf life of food products, leading to facilitate the commercialization activities, but also inexpensive and more available over the traditional synthetic ones. These properties turn this film to a productive candidate, deserve to be implemented by the food and agricultural industries.

show abstract

Antimicrobial Mechanisms of <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Nanomaterials to address the genesis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli

Fabrication and characterization of a promising oregano‐extract/psyllium‐seed mucilage edible film for food packaging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About