Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

Feng, Mei; Fei, Shigang; Xia, Junming; Labropoulou, Vassiliki; Swevers, Luc; Sun, Jingchen

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02030

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Evidence shows that insects are a potential source of insect defensins or antimicrobial peptides that provide the first line of defense against antimicrobials [ 266 , 267 ]. The capacity of insect antimicrobial peptides as antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal factors is reported in the literature [ 268 , 269 ]. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides or polymers are attracting significant research attention as an alternative therapy to AMR compared to conventional antimicrobials [ 270 ].…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2021

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This paper reviews the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in insects, rodents, and pets. Insects (e.g., houseflies, cockroaches), rodents (rats, mice), and pets (dogs, cats) act as reservoirs of AMR for first-line and last-resort antimicrobial agents. AMR proliferates in insects, rodents, and pets, and their skin and gut systems. Subsequently, insects, rodents, and pets act as vectors that disseminate AMR to humans via direct contact, human food contamination, and horizontal gene transfer. Thus, insects, rodents, and pets might act as sentinels or bioindicators of AMR. Human health risks are discussed, including those unique to low-income countries. Current evidence on human health risks is largely inferential and based on qualitative data, but comprehensive statistics based on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) are still lacking. Hence, tracing human health risks of AMR to insects, rodents, and pets, remains a challenge. To safeguard human health, mitigation measures are proposed, based on the one-health approach. Future research should include human health risk analysis using QMRA, and the application of in-silico techniques, genomics, network analysis, and ’big data’ analytical tools to understand the role of household insects, rodents, and pets in the persistence, circulation, and health risks of AMR.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2021

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“…The Imd and Toll pathways have been shown to play a role in the antiviral immunity of Drosophila (25,(46)(47)(48). AMPs seems to have antiviral function in Drosophila, but their exact antiviral mechanisms are still unknown and more in-depth researches are needed (49).…”

Section: Nf-kb-mediated Antiviral Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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The lepidopteran model silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect. Viruses cause serious economic losses in sericulture; thus, the economic importance of these viruses heightens the need to understand the antiviral pathways of silkworm to develop antiviral strategies. Insect innate immunity pathways play a critical role in the outcome of infection. The RNA interference (RNAi), NF-kB-mediated, immune deficiency (Imd), and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathways, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway are the major antiviral defense mechanisms, and these have been shown to play important roles in the antiviral immunity of silkworms. In contrast, viruses can modulate the prophenol oxidase (PPO), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways of the host to elevate their proliferation in silkworms. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the main immune pathways in response to viruses and the signaling pathways modulated by viruses in silkworms. Elucidation of these pathways involved in the antiviral mechanism of silkworms furnishes a theoretical basis for the enhancement of virus resistance in economic insects, such as upregulating antiviral immune pathways through transgenic overexpression, RNAi of virus genes, and targeting these virus-modulated pathways by gene editing or inhibitors.

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“…The arising interactions taking place between a dendrimer with multiple ligands While all AMPs possess antibacterial activity, only a few have revealed antiviral properties that target diverse steps of the viral life cycle. AMPs with antiviral activity became a research hotspot, with enormous promise to become available as antiviral drugs [50,51]. The antiviral mechanism may involve the inhibition of viruses by integrating into either the viral envelope or the host cell membrane (Figure 3B).…”

Section: The Use Of Dendrimersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptides and Dendrimers: How to Combat Viral and Bacterial Infections

2021

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The alarming growth of antimicrobial resistance and recent viral pandemic events have enhanced the need for novel approaches through innovative agents that are mainly able to attach to the external layers of bacteria and viruses, causing permanent damage. Antimicrobial molecules are potent broad-spectrum agents with a high potential as novel therapeutics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides, cell penetrating peptides, and antiviral peptides play a major role, and have been suggested as promising solutions. Furthermore, dendrimers are to be considered as suitable macromolecules for the development of advanced nanosystems that are able to complement the typical properties of dendrimers with those of peptides. This review focuses on the description of nanoplatforms constructed with peptides and dendrimers, and their applications.

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Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response

Cited by 70 publications

References 114 publications

Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance

Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Peptides and Dendrimers: How to Combat Viral and Bacterial Infections

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