Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promising Therapeutics for Cutaneous Wound Healing

Abstract

Chronic wound infections have caused an increasing number of deaths and economic burden, which necessitates wound treatment options. Hitherto, the development of functional wound dressings has achieved reasonable progress. Antibacterial agents, growth factors, and miRNAs are incorporated in different wound dressings to treat various types of wounds. As an effective antimicrobial agent and emerging wound healing therapeutic, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted significant attention. The present study focuses on the application of AMPs in wound healing and discusses the types, properties and formulation strategies of AMPs used for wound healing. In addition, the clinical trial and the current status of studies on “antimicrobial peptides and wound healing” are elaborated through bibliometrics. Also, the challenges and opportunities for further development and utilization of AMP formulations in wound healing are discussed.

Prospects and Applications of Natural Blood-Derived Products in Regenerative Medicine

“…These immunomodulatory properties of hBDs are associated with various receptors, such as chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR6, toll-like receptors TLR1 and TLR2, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)—which act via the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) to improve wound healing, keratinocyte migration and proliferation—as well as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 33 ]. Additionally, some defensins (human hBD-2) can suppress inflammation by influence on dendric cells via a TLR4-dependent mechanism together with activation of Th1 response [ 34 ].…”

“…Their good destructive and inhibitory effect against biofilms is based on the ability to degrade nucleotide, guanosine penta- and tetraphosphate (p)ppGpp, which play a vital role in biofilm development. Additionally, some AMPs (IDR-1018) can be utilized to prevent and kill bacterial biofilms through synergistic interactions with antibiotics [ 34 , 53 ].…”

“…Physiological conditions, such as low pH, high ionic strength, and contact with blood components, may significantly suppress their activity. Other factors that reduce their availability include high manufacturing costs, especially for long peptides in combination with high doses and long-term administration, and the limited number of manufacturers that can produce peptides on a commercial scale [ 25 , 34 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Tachyplesin I Analogue Peptide as an Effective Antimicrobial Agent against Candida albicans–Staphylococcus aureus Poly-Biofilm Formation and Mixed Infection

“…As a fundamental component of innate immunity, AMPs are well known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against pathogens including multidrug-resistant bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites . Because of their multiple antimicrobial and antibiofilm mechanisms, AMPs are thought to be less prone to the development of significant drug resistance . Tachyplesin I (TP1, KWCFRVCYRGICYRRCR) is a broad-spectrum AMP with high cytotoxicity to mammalian cells obtained from Tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus (an ancient marine organism) .…”

Silver loaded biodegradable carboxymethyl chitin films with long-lasting antibacterial activity for infected wound healing

“…12 Therefore, wound dressings with high antibacterial properties have been developed, which are incorporated with antibiotics, 13 silver ions and nanoparticles 14,15 and antimicrobial peptides. 16,17 However, the abuse of antibiotics increases the resistance of pathogens, which makes typical antibiotics and traditional wound dressings ineffective. Among various antibacterial materials, silver-containing agents have been widely used in wound dressings due to their excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial ability and put into clinical applications for many years.…”