Antimicrobial peptides used as growth promoters in livestock production

Rodrigues, Gisele Regina; Maximiano, Mariana Rocha; Franco, Octávio Luiz

doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11540-3

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The pursuit of ecologically friendly and safe antibiotic alternatives has become a key subject of study in the farming industry [4]. In recent years, many different alternatives to antibiotics such as essential oils [5], organic acids [6], antimicrobial peptides [7,8], probiotics [9], and bacteriocins [10] have also been studied. Many experiments have been done on pigs [11,12], poultry [13], and other animals to test and develop these alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides act on the rumen microbiome and metabolome affecting the performance of castrated bulls

Shi

Lei

et al. 2023

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Many countries have already banned the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, making it extremely difficult to maintain animal health in livestock breeding. In the livestock industry, there is an urgent need to develop alternatives to antibiotics which will not lead to drug resistance on prolonged use. In this study, eighteen castrated bulls were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (CK) was fed the basal diet, while the antimicrobial peptide group (AP) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 8 g of antimicrobial peptides in the basal diet for the experimental period of 270 d. They were then slaughtered to measure production performance, and the ruminal contents were isolated for metagenomic and metabolome sequencing analysis. Result The results showed that antimicrobial peptides could improve the daily weight, carcass weight, and net meat weight of the experimental animals. Additionally, the rumen papillae diameter and the micropapillary density in the AP were significantly greater than those in the CK. Furthermore, the determination of digestive enzymes and fermentation parameters showed that the contents of protease, xylanase, and β-glucoside in the AP were greater than those in the CK. However, lipase content in the CK was greater than that in the AP. Moreover, the content of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate was found to be greater in AP than those in CK. The metagenomic analysis annotated 1993 differential microorganisms at the species level. The KEGG enrichment of these microorganisms revealed that the enrichment of drug resistance-related pathways was dramatically decreased in the AP, whereas the enrichment of immune-related pathways was significantly increased. There was also a significant reduction in the types of viruses in the AP. 187 probiotics with significant differences were found, 135 of which were higher in AP than in CK. It was also found that the antimicrobial mechanism of the antimicrobial peptides was quite specific. Seven low-abundance microorganisms (Acinetobacter_sp._Ac_1271, Aequorivita soesokkakensis, Bacillus lacisalsi, Haloferax larsenii, Lysinibacillus_sp._3DF0063, Parabacteroides_sp._2_1_7, Streptomyces_sp._So13.3) were found to regulate growth performance of the bull negatively. Metabolome analysis identified 45 differentially differential metabolites that significantly different between the CK and the AP groups. Seven upregulated metabolites (4-pyridoxic acid, Ala-Phe, 3-ureidopropionate, hippuric acid, terephthalic acid, L-alanine, uridine 5-monophosphate) improve the growth performance of the experimental animals. To detect the interactions between the rumen microbiome and metabolism, we associated the rumen microbiome with the metabolome and found that negative regulation between the above 7 microorganisms and 7 metabolites. Conclusions This study shows that antimicrobial peptides can improve the growth performance of animals while resisting viruses and harmful bacteria and are expected to become healthy alternatives to antibiotics. We demonstrated a new antimicrobial peptides pharmacological model. We demonstrated low-abundance microorganisms may play a role by regulating the content of metabolites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides act on the rumen microbiome and metabolome affecting the performance of castrated bulls

Shi

Lei

et al. 2023

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…AMPs are one of the most promising substitutes for traditional antibiotics because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties without causing AMR (Hancock et al, 2016; Mookherjee et al, 2020). They have been demonstrated to be efficient not only in the prevention and treatment of human diseases but also in the control of animals’ pathogen infections (Rodrigues et al, 2021; Silveira et al, 2021). Currently, AMPs can be formulated as supplements into aquafeeds, or alternatively, their genes (antimicrobial peptide genes, AMGs) can be integrated into the genomes of fish from one species to another via transgenesis or genome editing, enabling them to be overexpressed when pathogens invade, thereby improving disease resistance (Lo et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2022a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing antimicrobial peptide genes to expedite disease-resistant enhancement in aquaculture: Transgenesis and genome editing

Wang

Cheng

2023

Preprint

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Numerous studies have demonstrated that genome editing and transgenesis by integrating vector-engineered antimicrobial peptide genes (AMGs) is effective to modulate the fish's innate immune system. To generalize the knowledge of AMG application in aquaculture, here we recruited 540 data entries from a pool of empirical studies, which included 18 peer-reviewed publications and spanning 12 diseases. We systematically re-processed and re-analyzed these data by harnessing a cross-disease meta-analysis. On aggregate, AMG-genetic engineering aimed at enhancing disease resistance was shown to decrease the number of colony-forming units of bacteria, improve lysozyme activity, increase the post-infection survival rates, and alter the expression of AMGs and immune-related genes in aquatic animals. Furthermore, the AMG-pathogen combating activity was triggered within two hours after infection and lasted 48 hours, and the overexpression of AMGs was dominant in the spleen and skin, followed by the kidney and liver during this period. Typically, regardless of the type of AMGs, the synergistic expression of AMGs with IL, IKβ, TGFβ, C3b and TLR in AMG-integrated fish contributed to activating inflammatory/immune responses against pathogens. In addition, innovative CRISPR/Cas9-mediated systems enabling the site-directed knock-in of foreign genes at multiple loci were presented and prospected for disease-resistant enhancement in combination with other favorable fish-producing traits, including fast-growing, sterility, and enriched fatty acid. Altogether, our findings indicated that AMGs as transgenes have substantial potential to modulate the fish's innate immune system and accelerate disease-resistant enhancement combined with genetic engineering.

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“…Large-scale addition of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to animal feed can help to improve production efficiency by improving animal performance represented by average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) (1)(2)(3). Moreover, AGPs may alter intestinal morphology and promote digestion and absorption of nutrients in the intestine, which also contribute to animal growth and development (4). In pigs, the improved performance attributed to AGPs addition was between 4 to 8% (3,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of Lactobacillus-based probiotics for growth performance and intestinal morphology in piglets

Zhu

Yao²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock production to improve animal performance and health. However, pig producers today face the prohibition of in-feed antimicrobials and have to find safe and effective alternatives. Lactobacillus species are active microorganisms that convey multiple beneficial effects to the host and are one of the most promising AGPs replacements. Here, we aim to comprehensively assess the effects of Lactobacillus spp. supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology (villus height [VH], crypt depth [CD], and the V/C ratio) of piglets. Among the 196 identified studies, 20 met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of Lactobacillus-based probiotics supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology were analyzed using a random-effects model. And the publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots. Our results revealed that Lactobacillus spp. supplementation significantly improved the growth performance, including average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and the gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) in piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Lactobacillus spp. remarkably increased VH and the V/C ratio (P < 0.05) in the small intestine, including the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, which might contribute to an improved digestive capacity of these animals. In conclusion, our findings provide concrete evidence of the growth-promoting effects of Lactobacillus spp. supplementation in piglets and a better understanding of the potential of Lactobacillus-based probiotics as AGPs alternatives in pig production.

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Antimicrobial peptides used as growth promoters in livestock production

Cited by 28 publications

References 71 publications

Antimicrobial peptides act on the rumen microbiome and metabolome affecting the performance of castrated bulls

Antimicrobial peptides act on the rumen microbiome and metabolome affecting the performance of castrated bulls

Harnessing antimicrobial peptide genes to expedite disease-resistant enhancement in aquaculture: Transgenesis and genome editing

A meta-analysis of Lactobacillus-based probiotics for growth performance and intestinal morphology in piglets

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