Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis: microbiological profile

Abstract

The aim of this trial was to investigate changes occurring in the subgingival microbiological composition of subjects with aggressive periodontitis, treated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), in a single episode, or scaling and root planing (SRP), in a split-mouth design on -7, 0, and +90 days. Ten patients were randomly assigned to either aPDT using a laser source in conjunction with a photosensitizer or SRP with hand instruments. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and the counts of 40 subgingival species were determined using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The data were analyzed using the method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test the associations between treatments, evaluated parameters, and experimental times (α = .05). The results indicated that aPDT and SRP affects different bacterial species, with aPDT being effective in reducing numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans than SRP. On the other hand, SRP was more efficient than aPDT in reducing the presence of periodontal pathogens of the Red Complex. Additionally, a recolonization in the sites treated by aPDT was observed, especially for T. forsythia and P. gingivalis. Under our experimental conditions, this trial demonstrates that aPDT and SRP affected different groups of bacteria, suggesting that their association may be beneficial for the non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis.

An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effects of Curcumin-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Chlorhexidine, on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

“…Free radicals are formed, such as oxygen species that have a toxic effect on cells. [11][12][13][14] PDT is a repeatable procedure which costs less than other methods, has a broad spectrum microbicidal effects, is safe for the host tissue, and can reach inaccessible sites. 15 Another alternative method to treat periodontal diseases is to find substances with anti-plaque effects that can inhibit bacterial reproduction.…”

Is Photodynamic Therapy an Effective Treatment for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Infections?

“…without any mechanical debridement). 42,43 (Table 2). While one study has found in deep pockets (PD ≥ 7 mm) statistically significant improvements in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain and significantly less periodontal pathogens of the red and orange complex and IL-1β/IL-10 ratio following treatment with PDT, 41 the other study has failed to reveal any statistical significant differences in the evaluated clinical and microbiological parameters between the treatments 40 (Table 2).…”

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy With Low-level Diode Laser in Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis

“…2 In addition, various systemic and local chemical antimicrobial agents have been introduced for the treatment of peri-implantitis, which suppress periodontopathogens more effectively compared to mechanical techniques, and improve the results of conventional mechanical therapeutic techniques. [3][4][5][6][7] Some disadvantages of antimicrobial agents' use, (such as antibiotics) include an increase in the counts of bacteria resistant to these agents, the need for the use of different antibiotics due to the diversity of periodontopathogens, an increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients and the incidence of unfavorable reactions. Considering the complications above, it is necessary to expand research Original Article doi 10.15171/jlms.2017.25…”