2017
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02421
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Antimicrobial Potential of Carvacrol against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli via Membrane Disruption, Depolarization, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

Abstract: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a serious threat to cure diseases associated with microbial infection. Among the resistant bacteria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are the most concerned one as they encode the enzyme β-lactamase that confers resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial potential and the principle mechanism of action of carvacrol against ESBL Escherichia coli isolated from ascitic fluid of a patient … Show more

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Cited by 111 publications
(80 citation statements)
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“…; Zhao and Drlica ; Khan et al . ). The M. haemolytica treated with ajowan and thyme EOs showed greater destructive changes in cell structure, whereas less severe morphological changes were observed with the other EOs tested.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…; Zhao and Drlica ; Khan et al . ). The M. haemolytica treated with ajowan and thyme EOs showed greater destructive changes in cell structure, whereas less severe morphological changes were observed with the other EOs tested.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…This can disturb the cellular structure and increase permeability, resulting in bacterial cell death due to leakage of important molecules and ions (Chouhan et al 2017). In addition to inducing morphological changes, EOs elicit their antibacterial effects by producing ROS that mediate the selfdestruction of bacterial cells (Li et al 2014;Zhao and Drlica 2014;Khan et al 2017). The M. haemolytica treated with ajowan and thyme EOs showed greater destructive changes in cell structure, whereas less severe morphological changes were observed with the other EOs tested.…”
Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The produced ROS may create some electron holes on the surface of bacterial cells, which facilitate the entry of ZnO NP and Ams both. The free radicals generated by ZnO NP may oxidize the ESBL enzyme of K. pneumoniae, which is responsible for the resistivity towards Ams [55,56]. ZnO NP hampers the ESBL enzyme present in the cytoplasm and also changes the permeability of the cell wall of bacteria.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Carvacrol and thymol, the two most studied monoterpenes obtained from Thymus vulgaris, have the ability to integrate into bacterial cell membranes due to their hydrophobic nature, causing disruption and disturbance to normal membrane function leading to increased permeability of ATP and an increased release of other cellular components [98,99]. Khan, who used scanning electron microscopy to demonstrate an interaction of carvacrol with the lipid bilayer of Escherichia coli, confirmed this mechanism [100]. The major targets of plant-derived quinones in the microbial cell are assumed to be the surface-exposed adhesin proteins, cell wall polypeptides, and membrane-bound enzymes [92,95,101].…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Smops Antimicrobial Action: a New Weapon Againmentioning
confidence: 96%