Antimicrobial Potential of Cold-Adapted Bacteria and Fungi from Polar Regions

Giudice, Angelina Lo; Fani, Renato

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_3

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Examples include enzymes with low temperature optima [ 119 ], low-alcohol yeast [ 120 ], antifreeze and ice-binding proteins [ 121 ], and potential antimicrobials [ 122 ] ( Table 1 , fully referenced and expanded in Table S1, available with the online version of this article). To date, the majority of antimicrobial compounds and cold-active enzymes have relied on cultured isolates, which are either screened directly for activity [ 122 ] or genome sequenced; followed by the cloning and expression of candidate genes or gene clusters in a heterologous host [ 123 ]. These strategies rely on the isolation and genome-sequencing of microbes, which is limiting because: (i) fully sequenced genomes of Arctic strains are limited in number (see below), and (ii) many microbes remain uncultivated.…”

Section: Key Microbial Processes In Critical Zones Of Arctic Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis

et al. 2020

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The Arctic is warming – fast. Microbes in the Arctic play pivotal roles in feedbacks that magnify the impacts of Arctic change. Understanding the genome evolution, diversity and dynamics of Arctic microbes can provide insights relevant for both fundamental microbiology and interdisciplinary Arctic science. Within this synthesis, we highlight four key areas where genomic insights to the microbial dimensions of Arctic change are urgently required: the changing Arctic Ocean, greenhouse gas release from the thawing permafrost, 'biological darkening' of glacial surfaces, and human activities within the Arctic. Furthermore, we identify four principal challenges that provide opportunities for timely innovation in Arctic microbial genomics. These range from insufficient genomic data to develop unifying concepts or model organisms for Arctic microbiology to challenges in gaining authentic insights to the structure and function of low-biomass microbiota and integration of data on the causes and consequences of microbial feedbacks across scales. We contend that our insights to date on the genomics of Arctic microbes are limited in these key areas, and we identify priorities and new ways of working to help ensure microbial genomics is in the vanguard of the scientific response to the Arctic crisis.

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Section: Key Microbial Processes In Critical Zones Of Arctic Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis

et al. 2020

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“…A review of studies on marine fungi in the Arctic found that only 13 studies investigated cultivable marine fungi from the Arctic, none of these investigated potential secondary metabolites from the fungi (Rämä et al 2017 ). A review of bioactive fungal isolates from polar regions found that most studies were from soil samples, freshwater ponds and lakes, or exclusively Antarctic marine sources; no papers were found reporting bioactivity from any Arctic marine fungal sources (Lo Giudice and Fani 2016 ). We have found three papers reporting metabolites from Arctic marine fungi, all of them isolated from marine sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivable marine fungi from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard and their antibacterial activity

et al. 2019

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During a research cruise in 2016, we isolated fungi from sediments, seawater, driftwood, fruiting bodies, and macroalgae using three different media to assess species richness and potential bioactivity of cultivable marine fungi in the High Arctic region. Ten stations from the Svalbard archipelago (73–80 °N, 18–31 °E) were investigated and 33 fungal isolates were obtained. These grouped into 22 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) with acut-off set at 98% similarity. The taxonomic analysis showed that 17 OTUs belonged to Ascomycota, one to Basidiomycota, two to Mucoromycota and two were fungal-like organisms. The nuc rDNA V1-V5 regions of 18S (18S) and D1-D3 regions of 28S (28S) were sequenced from representative isolates of each OTU for comparison to GenBank sequences. Isolates of Lulworthiales and Eurotiales were the most abundant, with seven isolates each. Among the 22 OTUs, nine represent potentially undescribed species based on low similarity to GenBank sequences and 10 isolates showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria in an agar diffusion plug assay. These results show promise for the Arctic region as asource of novel marine fungi with the ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties.

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“…The discovery of novel and efficient antimicrobial compounds has become a focal point of interest for natural product chemistry. To this purpose, the exploration of unusual and underexplored sources of medically useful substances and the screening of less exploited microbial groups have been recognized as promising tools for the isolation of novel antimicrobial compounds with unique structures and specific biological activity (Giudice and Fani ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria

Puric

Vieira

Cavalca

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Micro-organisms from extreme ecosystems, such as the Antarctic ecosystem, need to survive in harsh conditions with low temperatures, low nutrients and high UV radiation. Micro-organisms adapt to these conditions evolving diverse biochemical and physiological adaptations essential for survival. All this makes these micro-organisms a rich source of novel natural products based on unique chemical scaffolds. Discovering novel bioactive compounds is essential because of the rise in antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms and the emergence of new infections. Fungi from Antarctic environments have been proven to produce bioactive secondary metabolites against various micro-organisms, but few studies have shown activity against Xanthomonas phytopathogens.

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Antimicrobial Potential of Cold-Adapted Bacteria and Fungi from Polar Regions

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis

Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis

Cultivable marine fungi from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard and their antibacterial activity

Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria

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