Antimicrobial potential of sponge associated marine actinomycetes

Gandhimathi, R.; Arunkumar, M.; Selvin, Joseph; Thangavelu, Thayumanavan; Sivaramakrishnan, S.; Kiran, George Seghal; Shanmughapriya, Santhanam; Natarajaseenivasan, Kalimuthusamy

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2007.11.001

Cited by 69 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…At the concentration of 10 ll, the compound produced inhibition zone against B. subtilis (16 mm), E. coli (15 mm), K. pneumonia (14 mm), P. mirabilis (15 mm), P. vulgaris (19 mm) and C. albicans (21 mm) ( Table 4). Correspondingly, Gandhimathi et al [7] reported that the MIC of sponge associated marine actinomycetes compound against C. tropicalis was 10 lg protein/ml. The present and previous studies concluded that there are various factors affecting the antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces isolates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Antimicrobial Production by a Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces afghaniensis VPTS3-1 Isolated from Palk Strait, East Coast of India

et al. 2011

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Totally 25 marine soil samples were collected from the region of Palk Strait of Bay of Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and were subjected to the isolation of actinomycetes. Sixty-eight morphologically distinct isolates were obtained and 37% (25) of them had antimicrobial activity. The potential producer was named as Streptomyces sp. VPTS3-1 and the phylogenetic evaluation on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence further categorized the organism as Streptomyces afghaniensis VPTS3-1. Further, the antimicrobial compound was extracted from the isolate using various solvents and the antimicrobial efficacies were tested against bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition, in vitro optimization of parameters for the antimicrobial compound production revealed that the suitable pH as 7-8, the period of incubation as 9 days, temperature (30°C), salinity (2%), and starch and KNO 3 as the suitable carbon and nitrogen sources respectively in starch-casein medium.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial activity of the actinomycetes was screened by conventional cross-streak method [7]. In this, single streak of the actinomycetes was made on modified nutrient agar medium (g/l: yeast-extract 3; NaCl 5; peptone 5; glucose 5; agar 15; pH 7.1) and incubated at 28 ± 2°C for 4 days.…”

Section: Screening Of Actinomycete Strains For the Production Of Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Antimicrobial Production by a Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces afghaniensis VPTS3-1 Isolated from Palk Strait, East Coast of India

et al. 2011

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“…Some of the fungus-growing ants use antibiotic-producing actinomycetes to control garden parasites [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Marine soft bodied nonmotile invertebrates such as sponges do not have active defenses and therefore appear to have depended on chemical defense made possible by the secondary metabolites of symbiotic actinomycetes [60][61][62]. Less known is the symbiosis with lichens and honey bees [63].…”

Section: Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Why antibiotics: A comparative evaluation of different hypotheses for the natural role of antibiotics and an evolutionary synthesis

Kumbhar¹,

Watve²

2013

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Although secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and other bioactivities are explored extensively, the natural or ecological role(s) of secondary metabolites is not yet clearly known. We review here the different hypotheses for the ecological role of antibiotics, with particular focus on the genus Streptomyces which is unparalleled in the richness of secondary metabolites. We first lay down our expectations from an ecological hypothesis for antibiotics and then weigh the six predominant hypotheses against them including antibiotics as weapons in competition, as aid in sporulation, as bartered benefits in symbioses, as signal molecules in community homeostasis, as weapons in predation and as metabolic waste or bi-products. The analysis shows that no single hypothesis meets all the expectations. While the waste or bi-product hypothesis can safely be eliminated all others have some evidence in support. It is possible therefore that antibiotics serve a multitude of ecological functions and it is possible to visualize a pathway for the radiating functions. According to this synthesis antibiotics evolved primarily as weapons in predation on other microorganisms. The inevitable co-evolution with prey species led to diversification of the genes and pathways. Some of the secondary metabolites eventually radiated to acquire other functions such as competition between predators. Some secondary metabolites evolved animal toxicity as a mutualistic barter to protect the symbiotic partner from grazing/predation by animals. Transcription modulation primarily evolved as activation of defense mechanisms by the prey which may have later radiated to serve interspecies signaling functions. The synthesis successfully links different functions of antibiotics with logical coherence.

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“…2 Since the advent of bacterial genome sequencing in the mid-1990s, it has become apparent that marine actinomycetes have an unrivalled capacity to synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of bioactivities. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] For example, the genome scanning of the deep-sea actinomycete 'Verrucosispora maris' has resulted in the discovery of 420 biosynthetic gene clusters. 10 Moreover, the application of species richness estimates to actinobacterial diversity data has predicted a value as high as 1353 taxa in the deep sea, with B90% of these taxa representing novel species and genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospecting microbial natural product libraries from the marine environment for drug discovery

Ashforth

Ren

et al. 2010

J Antibiot

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Marine microorganisms are fascinating resources due to their production of novel natural products with antimicrobial activities. Increases in both the number of new chemical entities found and the substantiation of indigenous marine actinobacteria present a fundamental difficulty in the future discovery of novel antimicrobials, namely dereplication of those compounds already discovered. This review will share our experience on the taxonomic-based construction of a highly diversified and low redundant marine microbial natural product library for high-throughput antibiotic screening. We anticipate that libraries such as these can drive the drug discovery process now and in the future.

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Antimicrobial potential of sponge associated marine actinomycetes

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization of Antimicrobial Production by a Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces afghaniensis VPTS3-1 Isolated from Palk Strait, East Coast of India

Optimization of Antimicrobial Production by a Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces afghaniensis VPTS3-1 Isolated from Palk Strait, East Coast of India

Why antibiotics: A comparative evaluation of different hypotheses for the natural role of antibiotics and an evolutionary synthesis

Bioprospecting microbial natural product libraries from the marine environment for drug discovery

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