Abstract:Infectious diseases still stand as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and this problem can be worsened with the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. To tackle this crisis more studies analyzing the causes, routes, and reservoirs where antimicrobial resistance can emerge and expand, together with new antimicrobials and strategies for fighting antimicrobial resistance are needed. In the current special issue of MicrobiologyOpen, a set of articles dealing with the multiple faces of antimicrobial resist… Show more
“…Therefore, this population represents an opportunity for optimizing preventive infection measures and reducing the burden of MR transmission. Currently, predictive models are being developed to quantify future antimicrobial resistance in Spain and other countries [26], considering the threat of the human microbiome [27], food animals [28] and the overuse of antibiotics [29]. In Spain, antibiotic stewardship could be addressed both in hospitals and primary care services based on multidisciplinary programs involving different healthcare professionals, particularly pharmacists [30].…”
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem. Patients living in care homes are a vulnerable high-risk population colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). We identified a case series of 116 residents of care homes from a cohort of 540 consecutive patients admitted to the internal medicine service of our hospital. We performed early diagnostic tests of MDRO through anal exudates in our sample. The prevalence of MDRO colonization was 34.5% of residents and 70% of them had not been previously identified in the clinical records. Previous hospitalizations and in-hospital antibiotic administration were significantly associated with the presence of MDRO. Our results emphasize the need to consider care homes in the planning of regional and national infection control measures and for implementing surveillance systems that monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Spain. Systematic early testing upon admission to hospital services with a high prevalence of patients with MDRO colonization (e.g., internal medicine) could contribute to the adoption of adequate prevention measures. Specific educational programs for care home staff should also be implemented to address this increasing problem.
“…Therefore, this population represents an opportunity for optimizing preventive infection measures and reducing the burden of MR transmission. Currently, predictive models are being developed to quantify future antimicrobial resistance in Spain and other countries [26], considering the threat of the human microbiome [27], food animals [28] and the overuse of antibiotics [29]. In Spain, antibiotic stewardship could be addressed both in hospitals and primary care services based on multidisciplinary programs involving different healthcare professionals, particularly pharmacists [30].…”
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem. Patients living in care homes are a vulnerable high-risk population colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). We identified a case series of 116 residents of care homes from a cohort of 540 consecutive patients admitted to the internal medicine service of our hospital. We performed early diagnostic tests of MDRO through anal exudates in our sample. The prevalence of MDRO colonization was 34.5% of residents and 70% of them had not been previously identified in the clinical records. Previous hospitalizations and in-hospital antibiotic administration were significantly associated with the presence of MDRO. Our results emphasize the need to consider care homes in the planning of regional and national infection control measures and for implementing surveillance systems that monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Spain. Systematic early testing upon admission to hospital services with a high prevalence of patients with MDRO colonization (e.g., internal medicine) could contribute to the adoption of adequate prevention measures. Specific educational programs for care home staff should also be implemented to address this increasing problem.
“…A major concern of these approaches is the differences between in vivo and in vitro growing conditions; it might be possible that in vitro -selected antibiotic resistant mutants are not selected in vivo , because fitness costs associated to the acquisition of resistance might be habitat-dependent. However, on several occasions, the same genetic events involved in the acquisition of AR in vitro have been also encountered in clinical isolates [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] , validating the efficacy of these approaches. Fig.…”
Section: Genomic Approaches For the Study Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning
confidence: 79%
“…Massively parallel sequencing combined with traditional transposon mutagenesis [101] , as well as high-throughput screening of transposon insertion libraries, have been used to track genes whose inactivation modifies the susceptibility to antibiotics [102] , [103] . This method has been used to analyse the resistome of different pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] , [112] , [113] , [114] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] , E. coli [110] , Staphylococcus aureus [111] , [112] or Klebsiella pneumoniae [113] , among other bacteria [114] , [115] .…”
Section: Genomic Approaches For the Study Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning
“…resistance generated by adaptation to antimicrobial substances in course of co-evolution between bacteria, yeasts and plants can result in altered target molecules, inactivating enzymes or increased discharge of the antibiotic agent from the cell by efflux pumps [6,7]. The dynamics in spread of acquired resistance mechanisms against a multitude of antibiotic compounds is utmost alarming [8,9].…”
Section: European Journal Of Microbiology and Immunologymentioning
As antimicrobial resistance poses a globally rising health problem, the identification of alternative antimicrobial agents is urgently required. The short chain fatty acid propionate which is physiologically produced by the gut microbiota constitutes a promising molecule given that it has been widely used as a cosmetics and food preservative due to its antimicrobial effects. This literature survey aims to determine the most recent state of knowledge about the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory properties of propionate. Both in vitro and in vivo studies published between 2011 and 2020 confirmed the ability of propionate to inhibit the growth of several cellular pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative multi-drug resistant bacteria and fungi. In addition, heterogenous immune-modulatory and in particular, anti-inflammatory effects of propionate could be assessed involving a diverse signaling network that needs further comprehension. In conclusion, our literature survey provides evidence that propionate displays a plethora of health-beneficial including antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects. Future research is required to further unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and to set the basis for in vivo infection and clinical studies to broaden the path of propionate as a promising adjunct antibiotics-independent option in the combat of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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