Antimicrobial resistance: action to combat the rising microbial challenges

Paphitou, Niki I.

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.007

Cited by 129 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…5 Various risk factors have been described leading increased rates of AMR among which inappropriate and widespread use of antibiotics is the most significant one. 6 Poor governance and corruption have also been suggested to contribute to the levels of AMR in a given country. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections

2016

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Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a worldwide challenge leading high morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. Multidrug resistant patterns in gram-positive and -negative bacteria have resulted in difficult-to-treat or even untreatable infections with conventional antimicrobials. Since the early identification of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with bacteremia and other serious infections is lacking in many healthcare institutions, broad spectrum antibiotics are liberally and mostly unnecessarily used. Such practice has, in turn, caused dramatic increases in emerging resistance and when coupled with poor practice of infection control, resistant bacteria can easily be disseminated to the other patients and the environment. Thus, availability of updated epidemiological data on antimicrobial resistance in frequently encountered bacterial pathogens will be useful not only for deciding on empirical treatment strategies, but also devising an effective antimicrobial stewardship program in hospitals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections

2016

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“…Urinary tract infections (UTIs) by E. coli, and intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) by E. coli and K. pneumoniae, are characterised by high rates of resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, quinolones, and second-generation cephalosporins [9]. In response to the global public health threat posed by resistant pathogens a number of national and international actions and initiatives have been developed [10]. Although the most effective strategy to reduce the incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria has not yet been established, a multifaceted method is will probably be most effective, including actions aimed at optimising antibiotic use, increasing surveillance and infection control, and improving healthcare worker training and public education with regard to unanticipated consequences of antibiotic use [10].…”

Section: Multidrug-resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to the global public health threat posed by resistant pathogens a number of national and international actions and initiatives have been developed [10]. Although the most effective strategy to reduce the incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria has not yet been established, a multifaceted method is will probably be most effective, including actions aimed at optimising antibiotic use, increasing surveillance and infection control, and improving healthcare worker training and public education with regard to unanticipated consequences of antibiotic use [10]. Research should be focused on bringing new effective antibiotics, antibiotic-antibiotic combinations, and the development of adjuvants that either directly target resistance mechanisms ((such as inhibition of β-lactamase enzymes) or indirectly target resistance by interfering with bacterial signalling pathways (similarly to two-component systems (TCSs)) [11].…”

Section: Multidrug-resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ceragenins – a new weapon to fight multidrug resistant bacterial infections

Surel¹,

Niemirowicz²,

Marzec³

et al. 2014

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Growing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms is one of the most challenging problems. Often, a single mutation in a bacterial cell leads to the formation of a new drug resistance mechanism. The ceragenins are a novel class of antibiotic, offering great promise in future treatment of infections. These cationic antimicrobial lipids are net positively charged cholic acid derivates that are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged membranes of bacteria, certain viruses, fungi, and protozoa. After membrane insertion, they interfere with membrane organisation, resulting in membrane dysfunction and cell death. This review focuses on the broad spectrum of antibacterial activity of ceragenins, and their potential to become a new group of antibiotics for prevention and treatment of infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. StreszczenieStale narastająca oporność bakterii na antybiotyki jest jednym z najtrudniejszych problemów. Często pojedyncza mutacja w komórce bakteryjnej prowadzi do powstania i rozwoju nowego mechanizmu, nadającego bakteriom oporność na antybiotyki. Cerageniny (pochodne kwasu cholowego) są analogami naturalnych kationowych peptydów przeciwbakteryjnych oferujących nowe możliwości w leczeniu infekcji bakteryjnych. Mają one dodatni ładunek powierzchniowy, dzięki czemu oddziałują elektrostatycznie z negatywnie naładowaną powierzchnią bakterii, wirusów, grzybów i pierwotniaków. Po insercji w strukturę lipidową błony mikroorganizmów zaburzają jej funkcję, co w efekcie prowadzi do śmierci komórki. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono szerokie spektrum aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej ceragenin i ich potencjał w zwalczaniu infekcji, w szczególności powodowanych przez wielooporne szczepy bakteryjne.

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“…Hence, a multifaceted approach is required to both control antimicrobial usage and preserve its effectiveness, with collaboration between human and veterinary medicine [55]. Researchers, official institutions, and professionals should synergistically work on strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of ESBLs in humans and animals.…”

Section: How Do We Prevent the Increase Of Esbls From Animal Origin Imentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in veterinary medicine and their public health consequences

Nobrega

Brocchi

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Serious human and animal infections caused by bacteria are usually treated with beta-lactams. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) constitute the most clinically and economically important enzymes that are able to hydrolyze and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The spread of ESBLs represents a serious threat to healthcare systems, drastically undermining therapeutic options. The relationship between drug usage and the emergence of resistance has been extensively reported. Nevertheless, the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and the emergence of ESBLs in animals remains a matter of debate. Moreover, there is still controversy about whether antibiotic usage in farm animals poses a potential public health risk. This review will (i) deal with aspects related to the presence of ESBLs in veterinary medicine, (ii) its link with human medicine, and (iii) discuss strategies to be implemented to preserve antimicrobial effectiveness. New insights relative to old questions concerning antimicrobial use in domestic animals are also presented.

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Antimicrobial resistance: action to combat the rising microbial challenges

Cited by 129 publications

References 27 publications

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections

Ceragenins – a new weapon to fight multidrug resistant bacterial infections

An overview of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in veterinary medicine and their public health consequences

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