Antimicrobial Resistance Among Nontyphoidal<i>Salmonella</i>Isolated From Blood in the United States, 2003–2013

Angelo, Kristina M.; Reynolds, Jared; Karp, Beth E.; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Scheel, Christina M.; Friedman, Cindy R.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw415

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. 5% of all NTS isolates were reported to be resistant to ceftriaxone (13). The rise of ciprofloxacin resistance has also been reported in both the US (27%) and China (5.5%) (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Distribution of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Species a We found that antibiotic resistance by NTS towards nalidixic acid was significantly higher than other tested antibiotics (ANOVA, F = 0.23; P < 0.05).Of the 38 iNTS isolates, the majority of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (19, 50%) followed by cefotaxime (17, 44.7%), gentamicin(16, 42.1%), nalidixic acid (15, 39.5%), amoxicillin(13,34.2%), ampicillin(12,31.6%), cotrimoxazole (10, 26.3%), amikacin (9, 23.7%) and chloramphenicol(8, 21.1%) …”

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confidence: 93%

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Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Yang

Meng

Liu

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) especially the invasive NTS (iNTS) is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance. Objectives: We determined the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility of NTS and iNTS isolated from stool and blood samples of children aged 2 -15 years, respectively. Methods: A total of 537 stool and 405 blood samples were collected from 613 children with symptomatic gastroenteritis between January 2016 and May 2018. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and antibiotic resistance was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. β-lactamase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results:A total of a total of 213 (39.7%) and 165 (40.7%) stool and blood samples grew Salmonella sp, respectively. Of these; 54 (10.1%) and 38 (9.4%) were identified as NTS and iNTS, respectively. Nalidixic acid (54.3%) resistance was the most the predominant resistance followed by ciprofloxacin (47.8%), cefotaxime (41.3%) and gentamicin (39.1%) among our isolates. The rate of resistance among iNTS was comparable and there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference observed in the resistance pattern between NTS and iNTS isolates. Among the resistant isolates, blaCMY-2gene (32.6%) was the most commonly detected gene. Conclusions: Overall, Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant species identified and blaCMY-2was the predominant gene amplified by our isolates. The high prevalence and increased resistance especially among iNTS is a cause of concern and reiterates the need to test blood samples along with the stool samples for better management of gastroenteritis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 93%

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Yang

Meng

Liu

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…cause an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths annually. Male patients are more likely than females to have bacteremia (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.09 to 1.39), and older persons age 65 to 84 years are twice as likely to have bacteremia (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.41) than those age 18 to 64 years (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremias from England, 2004 to 2015

et al. 2019

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Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia causes hospitalization and high morbidity and mortality. We linked Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU) data to the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data set to study the trends and outcomes of NTS bacteremias in England between 2004 and 2015. All confirmed NTS isolates from blood from England submitted to GBRU between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 were deterministically linked to HES records. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), proportions, and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to describe differences in age, sex, antibiotic resistance patterns, and serotypes over time. Males, neonates, and adults above 65 years were more likely to have NTS bacteremia (AOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.46 to 1.67]; 2.57 [95% CI, 1.43 to 4.60]; and 3.56 [95% CI, 3.25 to 3.90], respectively). Proportions of bacteremia increased from 1.41% in 2004 to 2.67% in 2015. Thirty-four percent of all blood isolates were resistant to a first-line antibiotic, and 1,397 (56%) blood isolates were linked to an HES record. Of the patients with NTS bacteremia, 969 (69%) had a cardiovascular condition and 155 (12%) patients died, out of which 120 (77%) patients were age 65 years and above. NTS bacteremia mainly affects older people with comorbidities placing them at increased risk of prolonged hospital stay and death. Resistance of invasive NTS to first-line antimicrobial agents appeared to be stable in England, but the emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as colistin, requires careful monitoring.

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“…We cloned the spr gene from S. Typhimurium SR-11 under the control of the arabinose-inducible promoter in the plasmid vector pBAD30. We next generated a point mutation in this plasmid replacing the codon for the conserved catalytic Spr cysteine residue with a codon for serine, creating a C70S alteration in the mature protein (Aramini et al 2008;Singh et al 2012). Introducing the cloned native spr gene into either the Δ spr or Δ sprΔyebA mutant fully restored vancomycin resistance, whereas both the empty pBAD30 vector, and the plasmid coding for a catalytically inactive Spr variant, did not restore vancomycin resistance (Fig.…”

Section: Genetic Verifications Implicate a Catalytically Active Sp Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gramnegative enterobacterium with an increasing antibiotic resistance development in its genus (Klemm et al 2018;Hong et al 2016;Angelo et al 2016). As the S. Typhimurium genome includes genes with high sequence similarity to the mepS, mepM and mepH genes of E. coli, and given the potential importance of mepS and mepM for viability of E. coli (Singh et al 2012), we studied the phenotypes of S. Typhimurium mutants in which these genes were deleted, either singly or in combination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muramyl endopeptidase Spr contributes to intrinsic vancomycin resistance inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium

Vestoe

Huseby

Wang

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The impermeability barrier provided by the outer membrane of enteric bacteria, a feature lacking in Gram-positive bacteria, plays a major role in maintaining resistance to numerous antimicrobial compounds and antibiotics. Here we demonstrate that mutational inactivation of spr, coding for a muramyl endopeptidase, significantly sensitizes Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to vancomycin without any accompanying apparent growth defect or outer membrane destabilization. A similar phenotype was not achieved by deleting the mepA, pbpG, nlpC, yebA or yhdO genes coding for functional homologues to Spr. The spr mutant revealed increased autolytic behavior in response to not only vancomycin, but also to penicillin G, an antibiotic for which the mutant displayed a wild-type MIC. A screen for suppressor mutations of the spr mutant phenotype revealed that deletion of tsp (prc), encoding a periplasmic carboxypeptidase involved in processing Spr and PBP3, restored intrinsic resistance to vancomycin and reversed the autolytic phenotype of an spr mutant. Our data suggest that Spr contributes to intrinsic antibiotic resistance in S. Typhimurium without directly affecting the outer membrane permeability barrier. Furthermore, our data suggests that compounds that target specific cell wall endopeptidases might have the potential to expand the activity spectrum of traditional Gram-positive antibiotics.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Among NontyphoidalSalmonellaIsolated From Blood in the United States, 2003–2013

Abstract: Resistance to first-line treatment agents in patients with Salmonella bacteremia is a concern for public health and for informing clinical decisions. Judicious antimicrobial use is crucial to limit resistance.

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremias from England, 2004 to 2015

Muramyl endopeptidase Spr contributes to intrinsic vancomycin resistance inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium

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