Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Salmonella Infantis isolated from foods and human samples in Morocco

Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz; Karraouan, Bouchra; Allaoui, Abdellah El; Khayatti, Meriem; Ossmani, Hicham El; Filali, Fouzia Rhazi; Elmdaghri, Naima; Bouchrif, Brahim

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.019

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other studies reported S . Infantis clusters ranging from two closely related genotypes [8, 31] to three, four or five clusters in the investigated population [13, 14, 32]. These previous studies were based on PFGE and the lower number of clusters corresponds well to the method being less discriminatory, but could also be influenced by the limited sampling done in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WGS based study of the population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis

Gymoese¹,

Kiil²,

Torpdahl³

et al. 2019

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundSalmonella Infantis (S. Infantis) is one of the most frequent Salmonella serovars isolated from human cases of salmonellosis and the most detected serovar from animal and food sources in Europe. The serovar is commonly associated with poultry and there is increasing concern over multidrug resistant clones spreading worldwide, as the dominating clones are characterized by presence of large plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes. Increasing the knowledge of the S. Infantis population and evolution is important for understanding and preventing further spread.In this study, we analysed a collection of strains representing different decades, sources and geographic locations. We analysed the population structure and the accessory genome, in particular we identified prophages with a view to understand the role of prophages in relation to the evolution of this serovar.ResultsWe sequenced a global collection of 100 S. Infantis strains. A core-genome SNP analysis separated five strains in e-Burst Group (eBG) 297 with a long branch. The remaining strains, all in eBG31, were divided into three lineages that were estimated to have separated approximately 150 years ago. One lineage contained the vast majority of strains. In five of six clusters, no obvious correlation with source or geographical locations was seen. However, one cluster contained mostly strains from human and avian sources, indicating a clone with preference for these sources. The majority of strains within this cluster harboured a pESI-like plasmid with multiple resistance genes. Another lineage contained three genetic clusters with more rarely isolated strains of mainly animal origin, possibly less sampled or less infectious clones.Conserved prophages were identified in all strains, likely representing bacteriophages which integrated into the chromosome of a common ancestor to S. Infantis. We also saw that some prophages were specific to clusters and were probably introduced when the clusters were formed.ConclusionsThis study analysed a global S. Infantis population and described its genetic structure. We hypothesize that the population has evolved in three separate lineages, with one more successfully emerging lineage. We furthermore detected conserved prophages present in the entire population and cluster specific prophages, which probably shaped the population structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. Infantis populations have been characterized in several countries [8–14]. However, most of these studies have limited their investigations to national isolates, often only from certain reservoirs, and they have limited the time periods or selected strains based on their resistance profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WGS based study of the population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis

Gymoese¹,

Kiil²,

Torpdahl³

et al. 2019

BMC Genomics

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“…Generally, Salmonella grow in animal farms may contaminate eggs and/or meat during the slaughtering process before being transferred to humans through food chain. Indeed, previous studies have been reported the isolation of Salmonella from foods of animal origin as well as human samples (Ed-Dra et al, 2018 ; Paudyal et al, 2018 , 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2019 ; Elbediwi et al, 2020 ). Moreover, other studies were reported the consistency relationship between Salmonella strains causing human diseases and those isolated at farms and/or food products (Painter et al, 2013 ; Pan et al, 2018b , 2019 ; Paudyal et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) Salmonella has a major concern worldwide. This study was designed to determine the AR profiles and serovars distribution of Salmonella enterica isolated from different breeds of breeder chickens in the province of Henan, China. For this, 2,139 dead embryo samples were collected from 28 breeder chicken hatcheries, representing two domestic and four foreign breeds. The samples were subjected to the isolation and identification of Salmonella by PCR. The confirmed strains were serotyped according to the Kauffmann-White scheme and their AR profiles against 20 antimicrobial agents were determined by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion method. The results of this study showed the prevalence of Salmonella in 504 strains (23.56%) with a high abundance in southern regions of Yellow River (28.66%, n = 495, N = 1,727) compared to the northern regions (2.18%, n = 9, N = 412) (p < 0.0001). The domestic breeds were more contaminated than imported breeds (p < 0.0001). However, the contamination rate of samples recovered from M-hatcheries was the highest (p < 0.0001). Serotyping method identified 12 serovars, with the dominance of S. Pullorum (75.79%), followed by S. Enteritidis (7.14%). The AR assay showed high resistant to ciprofloxacin (77.00%), sulfisoxazole (73.00%), and ampicillin (55.60%), as well as 98.81% (n = 498) of the isolated strains, were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 69.64% (n = 351) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among them, one strain of S. Thompson was resistant to 15 antimicrobial agents belonging to eight different classes. In conclusion, Salmonella strains isolated in this study were multidrug-resistant (MDR), presenting a serious problem for human and animal health. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor, control, and rationalize the use of antimicrobials agents in chicken farms in order to limit the increasing resistance against the recent antimicrobial agents.

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“…Furthermore, the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes is being regularly used to identify bacterial species and to perform the taxonomic studies in clinical and scientific investigations [33]. However, the phylogenetic analyses can be used to understand the emergence of pathogenic bacteria and to study the relationship between isolated strains and other reference strains, implicated in animal or human diseases [12, 19, 34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica isolated from sausages

Ed-Dra

Filali

Khayi³

et al. 2019

EuJMI

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Salmonella is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide, and the infection with multidrug-resistant strains can cause severe diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance, to detect the virulence genes, and to study the genetic diversity of isolated Salmonella strains using 16S rRNA sequences. For this, 34 Salmonella strains isolated from sausages were identified using biochemical and serological methods. Molecular tools were used to evaluate the presence of virulence genes (orgA, sitC, sipB, spiA, iroN , and sifA) using simplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to sequence 16S rRNA genes for phylogenetic analysis. The susceptibility to 24 selected antibiotics was also studied. The results of this study showed that all isolated Salmonella were positive for targeted virulence genes and were resistant to at least one antibiotic. However, the multidrug resistance was observed in 44% of isolated strains. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences highlighted that Salmonella isolates were divided into 3 clusters and 3 sub-clusters, with a ≥98% similarity to Salmonella enterica species. From this study, we conclude that sausages are considered as a potential source of Salmonella , which could be a major risk to public health.

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Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Salmonella Infantis isolated from foods and human samples in Morocco

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

WGS based study of the population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis

WGS based study of the population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis

Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica isolated from sausages

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