Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of virulence genes, phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy camel-calves in Tunisia

Bessalah, Salma; Fairbrother, John M.; Salhi, Imed; Vanier, Ghyslaine; Khorchani, Touhami; Seddik, Mouldi Mabrouk; Hammadi, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2016.08.008

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Overall, 65% (126/195) CFUs analysed belonged to commensal phylo-group B1, corresponding to the animals' healthy status. As in the world literature (Son et al, 2009;Tenaillon et al, 2010;Bessalah et al, 2016;Coura et al, 2017;Souto et al, 2017) we also found the predominance of B1 phylo-group (40/65 CFUs; 61Á5%) in calves, followed by E (13/65; 20%). Similarly, B1 (33/65 CFUs; 50Á8%) predominated in foals, followed by E (14/65 CFUs; 21Á5%) and C (10/65 CFUs; 15Á4%), being a profile previously reported in healthy horses (Smati et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile

Maciel

Gressler

Silveira

et al. 2020

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides relevant data about the high phylogenetic and antimicrobial susceptibility diversity observed in Escherichia coli colony-forming units (CFUs) from a bacteriological culture of faeces from healthy calves, foals and lambs. The selection pressure exerted by the herd treatment may directly impact the intestinal microflora of animals that have never been treated. Finally, we emphasize the importance of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and we recommended to analyse at least four E. coli CFUs to determine, in particular, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of faecal isolates, independent of the animal's health status. AbstractData about phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli colonizing calves, lambs and foals are routinely neglected and restricted to outdated methodologies, even in the context of antimicrobial susceptibility (AS) testing. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phylogenetic diversity and the AS profile of E. coli colony-forming units (CFUs) from faecal samples of healthy animals. Five CFUs of E. coli were randomly selected from each faecal culture of calves (n = 13), foals (n = 13) and lambs (n = 13), totalizing 195 CFUs phylo-typed by quadruplex PCR. The AS profile of five CFUs from 15 samples (five from each animal species; n = 75 isolates) against nine drugs was determined by agar diffusion test. We found E. coli belonging to all phylogroups already described, except D group, with the predominance of B1 (65% CFUs; 126/195) in the three-animal species sampled. Most faecal samples of calves (77%; 10/13) and foals (69%; 9/13) harboured both pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli. All faecal samples showed CFUs with diverse AS profile, highlighting the ineffectiveness of tetracycline, sulphonamide and ampicillin. As a key point, our data reinforce the importance to select at least four E. coli CFUs for AS testing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile

Maciel

Gressler

Silveira

et al. 2020

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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“…Highest resistance was reported to tetracycline (15%) and ampicillin (7%). In contrast, a similar study from Tunisia higher frequency of resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin in E. coli isolates from camels, reaching 52.8% and 37.1% (Bessalah et al, 2016). Moreover, a study from KSA reported that 26.9% of E. coli isolates from camel fecal samples are ESBL producer (Fadlelmula et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In another study from Tunisia, E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy camel fecal samples showed a high frequency of resistance to tetracycline (52.8%), and ampicillin (37.1%) (Bessalah et al, 2016). In another study from southern Tunisia demonstrated the absence of plasmid-mediated mobilized colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) in E. coli isolated from camel feces (Rhouma et al, 2018).…”

Section: Amr In E Coli From Camelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Food Animals in Qatar

Alhababi

Eltai

Nasrallah

et al. 2020

Microbial Drug Resistance

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Background: The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria is associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in both humans and animals. In particular, the use of antibiotics for prophylactic and growth promotion purposes in foodproducing animals, in addition to animal-group medication for prolonged times, have rendered many of the antibiotics ineffective, returning us to the old times when a simple infection could be deadly. Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the incidence of AMR in Qatar under the one health approach; i.e., human-animal-environmental interface.Specifically, we aim to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR pattern of 18 clinically relevant antibiotics in major food-producing animals. Ultimately, we aim to compare our findings to the data released by the monitoring programs in Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) along with previously published reports from Qatar. Methods: Animal fecal samples from camels, cattle, and pigeons (100 samples from each species) were collected from slaughterhouses and farms distributed in different locations in Qatar. One gram of fecal sample was vigorously homogenized with 3 ml sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), the suspension was streaked directly onto chromogenic Tryptone Bile Xglucuronide agar for E. coli detection. Single typical E. coli colonies (blue-green) were randomly selected and streaked onto MacConkey agar plates and then recovered on iv nutrient agar plates for lactose fermentation testing by indole spot. The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Results: A total recovery rate of 88.7% (n=266) achieved from all samples. Overall, E. coli isolates had resistance to ten antibiotics in pigeon group, eight antibiotics in cattle group and only five antibiotics in camel group. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was recorded in 63 E. coli isolates (70.7%) from pigeons, 32 isolates (37.2%) from cattle and only in 19 isolates (20.8%) from camels. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) was highest in isolates from pigeons reaching 50% (n=44), followed by isolates from cattle (7%) and camels (2.2%). Highest resistance rate was observed against tetracycline, reaching a frequency of 64%, 27.9% and 15% of isolates from pigeons, cattle and camels, respectively (p <0.0001). Moreover, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections) resistance was present in 22.2% (n=59) of all E. coli isolates, with the highest prevalence in pigeons (49.4%), followed by 11.6% in cattle and 5% in camels. Interestingly, one E. coli isolate from pigeon showed resistance to colistin, a drug of last resort in human medicine against gram-negative bacterial infection.Conclusions: We previously reported high multi-drug resistance of commensal E. coli in chickens, with significant resistance to colistin. We observed lower AMR profile in ruminants, presumably due to the different antibiotics used in the two animal industries.

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“…There is a scarcity of previous data on AMR in camels in Africa to compare our findings with. However, a previous study from Tunisia showed that among E. coli isolated from fecal samples of camel calves, the ampicillin/tetracycline resistance phenotype was most prevalent, corresponding to the most commonly used antibiotics in that country [30] . For Kenya, recent reports on the consumption of antimicrobials in animals are not available, however, the tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance phenotypes observed in this study correlate with data reported from 1997 to 2001 that show that tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim are the most frequently used antimicrobials in food-producing animals in Kenya [31] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antimicrobial resistant and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of African dromedary camels

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tThis study was conducted to determine the distribution of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from feces of healthy dromedary camels in Kenya. A total of 162 fecal samples were cultivated for E. coli . Samples were also subcultivated to detect E. coli with extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by disk diffusion using a panel of 16 antimicrobials. In addition, isolates were screened for the presence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes mcr-1 to mcr-5 .Samples from 20 (12.4%) of the camels contained antimicrobial resistant (AMR) E. coli , and 85% of the AMR isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The highest frequency of resistance was observed to tetracycline (11.7%), followed by ampicillin and streptomycin (both 10.5%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (9.9%). Two (1.2%) of the isolates showed intermediate resistance to cefazolin and streptomycin, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, aztreonam and kanamycin, and 86.4% of the isolates were susceptible to all 16 antimicrobials used in this study. The prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL producing E. coli was 0.6%. PCR and amplicon sequencing showed that the ESBL producer belonged to E. coli phylogenetic group A, sequence type (ST) 48, and harbored bla CTX-M-15. None of the isolates contained mcr genes. The results indicate that dromedary camels in Kenya may be reservoirs of AMR E. coli, including ESBL producers, that could potentially be transmitted to humans by direct contact or via the food chain.

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Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of virulence genes, phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy camel-calves in Tunisia

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile

Caution at choosing a particular colony-forming unit from faecal Escherichia coli: it may not represent the sample profile

Antimicrobial Resistance of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Food Animals in Qatar

Antimicrobial resistant and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of African dromedary camels

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