Antimicrobial resistance: Call for rational antibiotics practice in India

Chandra, Shivani; Prithvi, P P R; Srija, K; Jauhari, Shalini; Grover, Alka

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1077_19

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similarly, the present study also revealed higher use of quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, both in terms of frequency and quantity of use. The high use of quinolones in India could have paved the increased resistance toward fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in the country ( 52 ). Such AMU data at the regional level helps to identify the trends in antimicrobial usage and serves to inform health policy makers to initiate evidence-based responses to tackle this public health issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of antimicrobial usage among adult bovines in dairy herds of Punjab, India: A quantitative analysis of pattern and frequency

et al. 2023

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The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial usage (AMU) pattern in dairy herds of Punjab, India. The on-farm quantification of AMU in adult bovine animals by the manual collection of empty drug containers (“bin method”) along with the records of the treatment was carried out in 38 dairy farms involving 1010 adult bovines for 1 year from July 2020 to June 2021. The farm owners were asked to record the antibiotic treatments as well as to deposit empty antibiotic packaging/vials into the provided bins placed at the farms. A total of 14 different antibiotic agents in 265 commercial antibiotic products were administered to the dairy herds during the study. A total of 179 (67.55%) administered products contained antimicrobials of “critical importance” as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Mastitis (54.72%), followed by the treatment of fever (19.62%), reproductive problems (15.47%), and diarrhea (3.40%) accounted for the majority of drugs administered in the herds during the study period. The most commonly used antibiotics were enrofloxacin (89.47% herds; 21.51% products), followed by ceftriaxone (50% herds; 12.83% products), amoxicillin (50% herds; 12.83% products), oxytetracycline (55.26% herds; 11.70% products), and procaine penicillin (47.37% herds; 12.83% products). The highest quantity of AMU [in terms of antimicrobial drug use rate (ADUR)] was observed for ceftiofur, followed by ceftriaxone, procaine benzyl penicillin ceftizoxime, enrofloxacin, cefoperazone, amoxicillin and ampicillin. A total of 125 (47.17%) products contained “highest priority critically important antimicrobials” (HPCIA) and 54 (20.37%) products contained “high priority critically important antimicrobials”. In terms of overall number of animal daily doses (nADD), the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIA) of the WHO such as third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, respectively accounted for 44.64 and 22.35% of the total antibiotic use in the herds. The bin method offers an alternative to monitoring AMU as a more accessible approach for recording the actual consumption of antimicrobials. The present study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind to provide an overview of the qualitative and quantitative estimate of AMU among adult bovines from India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of antimicrobial usage among adult bovines in dairy herds of Punjab, India: A quantitative analysis of pattern and frequency

et al. 2023

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“…Chandra et al emphasize the issue of AMR in India and the requirement for judicious antibiotic usage in the nation. 34 They underline the growing issue of AMR in India and the requirement for an efficient strategy that can slow down the emergence and spread of bacterial drug resistance. This further emphasizes the necessity for education and awareness campaigns aimed at educating the general public and healthcare professionals about the risks of antibiotic overuse and the significance of taking antibiotics cautiously.…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Genes Found In the Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This further emphasizes the necessity for education and awareness campaigns aimed at educating the general public and healthcare professionals about the risks of antibiotic overuse and the significance of taking antibiotics cautiously. 34 However, the focus of Brinkac et al 53 is on how AMR affects the human microbiome. The human microbiome has been defined by the authors as a complex population of bacteria that is significant for human health in several ways.…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Genes Found In the Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can result in increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the development of an AMR reservoir, known as the resistome, within the gut. 6, 34 Studies show that antibiotic consumption can increase the number of bacteria, like P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae , and E. coli , in the gut that are resistant to them. This may lead to the emergence and dissemination of AMR because pathogenic and commensal bacteria may exchange antibiotic-resistant genes.…”

Section: Effect Of Antimicrobial Use On the Gut Microbiota And Resistomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rationalization of Antibiotic Prescription: Modulation of the Gut Microbiome and Possibilities of Minimizing the Risks for the Development of Antibiotic Resistance—A Narrative Review

Kumar,

Shukla,

Shinu

et al. 2023

Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health issue, and it is greatly influenced by the gut flora. The rationalization of antimicrobial doses in clinical studies is crucial for preventing AMR. This review analyzes how rationalization tactics affect AMR and gut microbiota in clinical studies. Studies that provided data on the use of antibiotics, AMR, or gastrointestinal microbiota were taken into account for the current review. The AMR rate was found to be low when healthy gut flora was maintained using various antibiotic rationalization techniques, such as limited use of antibiotics or targeted treatments. However, the effectiveness of these strategies differed based on the particular intervention, the research population, and the length of the course of therapy. The rationalization of antibiotic prescriptions in clinical research is one potential method for reducing the prevalence of AMR by maintaining the gut flora. Rationalization techniques may help lower AMR rates and foster the development of good intestinal flora. This review describes various antibiotic rationalization techniques and the importance of maintaining healthy microbial flora to minimize AMR-associated health issues.

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