Antimicrobial resistance control efforts in Africa: a survey of the role of Civil Society Organisations

Abstract

Background : Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat in Africa. AMR prevention and control requires coordination across multiple sectors of government and civil society partners. Objectives : To assess the current role, needs, and capacities of CSOs working in AMR in Africa. Methods : We conducted an online survey of 35 CSOs working in 37 countries across Africa. The survey asked about priorities for AMR, current AMR-specific activities, monitoring practices, training needs, and preferences for sharing information on AMR. Further data were gathered on the main roles of the organisations, the length of time engaged in and budget spent on AMR-related activities, and their involvement in the development and implementation of National Action Plans (NAPs). Results were assessed against The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance (2018–2023). Results : CSOs with AMR-related activities are working in all four areas of Africa CDC’s Framework: improving surveillance, delaying emergence, limiting transmission, and mitigating harm from infections caused by AMR microorganisms. Engagement with the four objectives is mainly through advocacy, followed by accountability and service delivery. There were limited monitoring activities reported by CSOs, with only seven (20%) providing an example metric used to monitor their activities related to AMR, and 27 (80%) CSOs reporting having no AMR-related strategy. Half the CSOs reported engaging with the development and implementation of NAPs; however, only three CSOs are aligning their work with these national strategies. Conclusion : CSOs across Africa are supporting AMR prevention and control, however, there is potential for more engagement. Africa CDC and other government agencies should support the training of CSOs in strategies to control AMR. Tailored training programmes can build knowledge of AMR, capacity for monitoring processes, and facilitate further identification of CSOs’ contribution to the AMR Framework and alignment with NAPs and regional strategies.

Ongoing Efforts to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals among African Countries and Implications for the Future

“…International activities include those among the Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (ICGAR) Global Leaders group, ongoing activities within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Fleming Fund, and the World Bank alongside activities by the World Health Organization (WHO) including the One Health Approach and the development of Global Action Plans (GAP) to tackle AMR [ 36 , 37 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Regional initiatives within Africa include activities by the Africa CDC, the African Society for Laboratory Medicine (ASLM), the Southern Africa Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, other Civil Society Organisations in Africa as well as the development of African guidelines to treat common bacterial infections across age groups [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Curbing antimicrobial resistance in post‐COVID Africa: Challenges, actions and recommendations

“… 13 This concern is compounded by a weak and fragmented public health system across the continent and a high burden of infectious diseases, with 62% of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) in the African region attributable to infectious diseases. 14 With COVID‐19 ruling most aspects of health care delivery globally, the effects of this phenomenon are gaining more impact. The rising and evolving public health concern is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.…”

“…In Africa, the significant impact of AMR is becoming more apparent, with western sub‐Saharan Africa having the highest all‐age death rate of 27.3 deaths per 100,000 13 . This concern is compounded by a weak and fragmented public health system across the continent and a high burden of infectious diseases, with 62% of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) in the African region attributable to infectious diseases 14 . With COVID‐19 ruling most aspects of health care delivery globally, the effects of this phenomenon are gaining more impact.…”

Molecular Epidemiology of DiarrhoeagenicEscherichia coliin Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A comprehensive approach, grounded in surveillance and well-structured research, is paramount to understanding and combating the rising antimicrobial resistance tide. However, our findings warrant continuously enhanced efforts to prevent the increase and emergence of antimicrobial resistance on the continent [27].…”