Antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira – An increasing problem for disease control

Hampson, David J.; Lugsomya, Kittitat; La, Tom; Phillips, Nyree D.; Trott, Darren J.; Abraham, Sam

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.019

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Another isolate that was resistant to tylosin was intermediate for kitasamycin, and one isolate was intermediate for both macrolides. Only eight isolates were susceptible to lincomycin (25.8%), emphasising how widespread resistance to macrolides and lincosamides is among B. hyodysenteriae isolates in Australia, as in other countries where similar studies have been undertaken . It is interesting that strain WA1, isolated in the 1980s, also was resistant to both the macrolides and lincomycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Only eight isolates were susceptible to lincomycin (25.8%), emphasising how widespread resistance to macrolides and lincosamides is among B. hyodysenteriae isolates in Australia, as in other countries where similar studies have been undertaken. 13 It is interesting that strain WA1, isolated in the 1980s, also was resistant to both the macrolides and lincomycin. Hence, the occurrence of multiple resistance in Australian B. hyodysenteriae isolates is not a new phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the efficacy of kitasamycin for use in the control and treatment of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs

Phillips

Dunlop³

et al. 2019

Aust Veterinary J

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Background Swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is an important disease in Australia. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the macrolide antibiotic kitasamycin for use in SD control. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of kitasamycin, tylosin and lincomycin for 32 Australian isolates of B. hyodysenteriae were evaluated. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were examined. Isolate ‘13’ with a low kitasamycin MIC was used to challenge weaner pigs. Sixty pigs were housed in 20 pens each containing three pigs: pigs in four pens received 2 kg/tonne of a product containing kitasamycin (3.1% active) prophylactically in their food starting 4 days before B. hyodysenteriae challenge (group 1); pigs in four pens were challenged and received the same dose therapeutically once one pig in a pen showed diarrhoea (group 2); four pens were challenged and received 4 kg/tonne of the product therapeutically (group 3); four pens were challenged but not medicated (group 4); two pens were unmedicated and unchallenged (group 5) and two pens received 2 kg/tonne and were unchallenged (group 6). Pigs were monitored for B. hyodysenteriae excretion and disease. Results Macrolide resistance was widespread, and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were identified in 23 isolates. Four isolates with kitasamycin MICs < 5 μg/mL were considered susceptible. Following experimental challenge, 10 of 12 unmedicated pigs developed SD. No pigs receiving kitasamycin prophylactical or therapeutically developed SD. Medicated pigs shed low numbers of B. hyodysenteriae in their faeces. Conclusions Kitasamycin can help control SD in pigs infected with susceptible isolates of B. hyodysenteriae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the efficacy of kitasamycin for use in the control and treatment of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs

Phillips

Dunlop³

et al. 2019

Aust Veterinary J

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“…The ability of B. hyodysenteriae to colonise the large intestine and its specific virulence factors are still not fully elucidated [2]. However, hemolysins, flagella, lipooligosaccharides and bacterial chemotaxis have been highlighted within the pathogenesis of swine dysentery, besides specific virulence life-style factors, such as outer membrane proteins, NADH oxidase and proteins of iron metabolism [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swine dysentery primarily affects pigs during the growth and finishing period. Transmission of B. hyodysenteriae occurs through the fecal-oral route and is associated with several risk factors such as introduction of colonized animals (carriers), poor external (quarantine, rodents, wild birds and other potential reservoirs) and internal biosecurity measures (adequate cleaning and disinfection protocols, mixing of age groups) [2]. Clinical signs usually start with loss of appetite and mild, yellow to greycoloured diarrhea, further progressing to watery diarrhea with blood, mucus and pseudomembranes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a zinc chelate on clinical swine dysentery under field conditions

Vangroenweghe¹,

Allais

Driessche

et al. 2020

Porc Health Manag

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Background: Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the primary cause of swine dysentery, characterized by bloody to mucoid diarrhea due to mucohaemorhagic colitis in pigs and primarily affects pigs during the grow/finishing stage. Control and prevention of B. hyodysenteriae consists of administration of antimicrobial drugs, besides management and adapted feeding strategies. A worldwide re-emergence of the disease has recently been reported with an increasing number of isolates demonstrating decreased susceptibility to several crucially important antimicrobials in the control of swine dysentery. A novel non-antibiotic zinc chelate has been reported to demonstrate positive effects on fecal quality and consistency, general clinical signs, average daily weight gain and B. hyodysenteriae excretion during and after a 6-day oral treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the zinc chelate (Intra Dysovinol ® 499 mg/ml (ID); Elanco) on naturally occurring swine dysentery due to B. hyodysenteriae under field conditions in the Netherlands. Results: Oral administration of zinc chelate resulted in improvement of general clinical signs from 3 days onwards in the ID-treated group combined with a significantly better total fecal score at 14 days post-treatment. Overall, average daily weight gain was better in the ID-treated group over the entire study period (0-14 days) and during the 8 days following the end of ID-treatment. A significant reduction (4.48 vs. 0.63 log 10 cfu/g feces; ID-treated vs. control) in B. hyodysenteriae excretion was observed during the 6-day treatment period with a high percentage of animals (58.3 vs. 12.3%; ID-treated vs. control) with no excretion of B. hyodysenteriae from their feces. No additional antimicrobial treatment was needed in the ID-treated group, whereas 35% of the pigs in the control group were treated with an antibiotic at least once. No mortality occurred in both groups. No adverse events were reported during and following the ID-treatment. Conclusions: Zinc chelateadministered as a Zn-Na 2-EDTA complexis a non-antibiotic treatment for swine dysentery that reduces B. hyodysenteriae shedding with 4.48 log 10 cfu/g feces within its 6-day treatment while improving general clinical signs (90.0 vs. 73.6% animals with normal score) and total fecal score within 2-4 days following administration in naturally infected pigs. The positive effects of ID treatment remain for at least 8 days after cessation of oral ID therapy. Pigs remaining in a highly contaminated environment may be re-infected following the end of ID treatment, however, this is not different to standard antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, control of swine dysentery should combine an efficacious treatment with additional management practices to reduce the environmental infection pressure in order to limit re-infection as much as possible. The ID treatment resulted in a higher growth rate and improved general health, whereas no mortality was observed and no additional therapeutic treatments were necessary in contrast to the c...

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Macrolides, Azalides, and Ketolides

Prescott,

Baptiste

2024

Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

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Antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira – An increasing problem for disease control

Cited by 34 publications

References 59 publications

Testing the efficacy of kitasamycin for use in the control and treatment of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs

Testing the efficacy of kitasamycin for use in the control and treatment of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs

Evaluation of a zinc chelate on clinical swine dysentery under field conditions

Macrolides, Azalides, and Ketolides

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