Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals

Rendle, David; Page, Stephen W.

doi:10.1111/evj.12785

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Nowadays, several epidemiological studies are being performed to monitor the prevalence and dissemination of AMR. Nevertheless, these epidemiological parameters cannot be clearly defined since influenced by several variables including the population features, geographical location, and investigative methods employed for the survey [52,54]. Regardless of the epidemiological data, accumulating evidence suggests that investigation of the routes undertaken by microorganisms to manifest and/or transmit the AMR are worth of effort.…”

Section: The Contribution Of Companion Animals In Amr Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview

Palma

Tilocca

Roncada

2020

IJMS

185

100

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most important human- and animal health-threatening issues worldwide. Bacterial capability to face antimicrobial compounds is an ancient feature, enabling bacterial survival over time and the dynamic surrounding. Moreover, bacteria make use of their evolutionary machinery to adapt to the selective pressure exerted by antibiotic treatments, resulting in reduced efficacy of the therapeutic intervention against human and animal infections. The mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR are thoroughly investigated. Commonly, AMR traits are included in mobilizable genetic elements enabling the homogeneous diffusion of the AMR traits pool between the ecosystems of diverse sectors, such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, and the environment. Thus, a coordinated multisectoral approach, such as One-Health, provides a detailed comprehensive picture of the AMR onset and diffusion. Following a general revision of the molecular mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR, the present manuscript focuses on reviewing the contribution of veterinary medicine to the overall issue of AMR. The main sources of AMR amenable to veterinary medicine are described, driving the attention towards the indissoluble cross-talk existing between the diverse ecosystems and sectors and their cumulative cooperation to this warning phenomenon.

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Section: The Contribution Of Companion Animals In Amr Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview

Palma

Tilocca

Roncada

2020

IJMS

185

100

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“…1 Resistance to antimicrobials in these microorganisms, namely to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs), is an increasing global public health threat for both humans and animals. 2,3 Companion animals represent an important element in the ecology of antimicrobial resistance through close contact with humans. 4 In addition, a selection pressure is determined by mutual exposure of humans and pets to antimicrobial agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diseased cats in Italy

Piccolo

Belas

Foti

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cats affected by diseases commonly encountered in practice, and to characterise the third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistance molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Clinical samples (n = 100) included 58 rectal swabs from cats with diarrhoea, 31 nasal swabs from cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease, four ear swabs from cats with otitis, three conjunctival swabs from cats with conjunctivitis, two oral swabs from cats with stomatitis, one swab from a skin abscess and one urine sample from a cat with cystitis. A total of 125 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 90 cats. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species (n = 65), followed by Enterobacter species (n = 20), Proteus species (n = 13), Citrobacter species (n = 12) and others (n = 15). Bacterial susceptibility testing was performed with respect to eight antimicrobial classes. Beta (β)-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Results Overall, the higher frequency of resistance was to amoxicillin–clavulanate (61.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.6%) and cefotaxime (32.8%). Thirty-six percent of the isolates (n = 45) were resistant to 3GCs. Of these isolates, 34 were tested by PCR and nucleotide sequencing and 23 were confirmed as encoding β-lactamase genes. Fourteen 3GC-resistant isolates harboured extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) belonging to groups CTX-M-1 (n = 12, two of which were CTX-M-79), CTX-M-2 (n = 1) and CTX-M-9 (n = 1), as well as SHV-12 (n = 1) and TEM-92 (n = 1). Nine isolates had CMY-2 plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC). Thirty-one percent (n = 39) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and were isolated from 34% (n = 31/90) of the cats. Conclusions and relevance A high frequency of MDR and ESBL/pAmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected among bacteria isolated from a feline population in southern Italy with a variety of common clinical conditions, which poses limitations on therapeutic options for companion animals. We describe the first detection of CTX-M-79 and TEM-92 ESBL genes in isolates from cats.

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“…In contrast, veterinarians are essentially unconstrained in their choices for administering antimicrobials to treat companion animals, including horses. However, it is increasingly recognized that companion animals are also reservoirs of resistant zoonotic and commensal bacteria that can serve as sources of human infections (Leonard et al., 2012; Montgomery et al., 2018; Rendle & Page, 2018). The likely contributions to human risk of exposures to resistant bacteria in environmental reservoirs add further layers of complexity to the challenges of understanding and effectively managing AMR at a societal level (Graham et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial use in wean to market pigs in the United States assessed via voluntary sharing of proprietary data

Davies

Singer

2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Data on antimicrobial use were collected for the 2016 and 2017 calendar years from swine producers in the United States. Nine large systems, collectively producing over 20 million market pigs annually, voluntarily provided data to advance understanding of antimicrobial use in the industry and to support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. The scope of the study was limited to growing pigs, and the granularity of data varied across the systems. Data were summarized both qualitatively and quantitatively by antimicrobial class, active ingredient and route of administration (injection, water and feed). Data on the purpose of administration, doses and durations of administration were not available, but some information was provided by the responsible veterinarians. Aggregate data were similar both qualitatively and quantitatively in 2016 and 2017, although marked changes between years were evident within systems for some antimicrobials. Antimicrobial use (by weight) was dominated by the tetracycline class (approximately 60% of total use). Antimicrobials in classes categorized as critically important constituted 4.5% and 5.3% of total use in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In both years, fluoroquinolone (0.23%, 0.46%) and 3rd generation cephalosporin (0.15%, 0.11%) use collectively accounted for <1% of total use. Administration was predominantly oral in feed and water, and injection comprised approximately 2% of use overall, but around 12% for critically important antimicrobials. There was considerable variability among systems in patterns of antimicrobial use. This pilot project demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring antimicrobial use data via voluntary sharing. It is currently being expanded among larger swine production systems, and further efforts to enable confidential data sharing and benchmarking for smaller producers are being pursued by the swine industry. Recognized biases in the data caution against over‐interpretation of these data as an index of national use.

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Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals

Cited by 20 publications

References 95 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview

Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview

Detection of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diseased cats in Italy

Antimicrobial use in wean to market pigs in the United States assessed via voluntary sharing of proprietary data

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