“…There are urgent needs for control of the disease and thus it is essential to progress in applied research. Indeed, new vaccines [49,131], new drugs [23,134], and new diagnostics and advances in TB management [19,136] are urgently needed. Furthermore, we believe that it is no longer necessary to justify that basic research, including evolutionary and population genetics, experimental evolution, immunology, and cellular biology, is indispensable in order to progress in applied research.…”