Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification

Lunha, Kamonwan; Leangapichart, Thongpan; Jiwakanon, Jatesada; Sunde, Marianne; Järhult, Josef D.; Hallenberg, Gunilla Ström; Hickman, Rachel A.; Boeckel, Thomas Van; Magnusson, Ulf

doi:10.3390/antibiotics9100662

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Utilizing our One Health multi-factorial livestock/human model in Thailand and AST of 492 E. coli isolates, we observe prolific AMR to several antibiotic agents especially in MSF where a majority of isolates were MDR or XDR (Table 1). These results corroborate earlier findings from the same study population but using disc diffusion AST analysis of random E. coli isolates (not selectively cultured, i.e., not using antibioticcontaining media) (Lunha et al, 2020). In the present study, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and all groups had an average MIC above the clinical breakpoint for cefotaxime (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…At each farm we tried to obtain a fecal samples from a contact human and a non-contact human and up-to 10 pigs (depending on the number of pigs on the farm) that were pooled together. Overall we collect 143 pig, 90 contact human and 54 non-contact human fecal sample and stored in accordance to the methods described by Lunha et al (2020) at the Faculty of veterinary medicine, Khon Kaen University.…”

Section: Study Area Farms Participants and Fecal Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pig rectal swabs from the same farm (n ≤ 10) were pooled in 25 mL of buffered peptone water for enrichment, information regarding numbers of pooled pig rectal swabs from specific farms is provided in Lunha et al (2020). One gram of human faces was enriched in 5 mL of buffered peptone water.…”

Section: Bacterial Isolation On Selective Media and Antimicrobial Susceptible Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective

et al. 2021

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Antibiotics are freqeuently used in the livestock sector in low- and middle-income countries for treatment, prophylaxis, and growth promotion. However, there is limited information into the zoonotic prevalence and dissemination patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within these environments. In this study we used pig farming in Thailand as a model to explore AMR; 156 pig farms were included, comprising of small-sized (<50 sows) and medium-sized (≥100 sows) farms, where bacterial isolates were selectively cultured from animal rectal and human fecal samples. Bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and whole-genome sequencing. Our results indicate extensive zoonotic sharing of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by horizontal gene transfer. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was observed with higher prevalence in medium-scale farms. Zoonotic transmission of colistin resistance in small-scale farms had a dissemination gradient from pigs to handlers to non-livestock contacts. We highly recommend reducing the antimicrobial use in animals’ feeds and medications, especially the last resort drug colistin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Study Area Farms Participants and Fecal Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Isolation On Selective Media and Antimicrobial Susceptible Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…The extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is considered an important contributor to microbial resistance, as antibiotics are not only used in treatment of developed infection but also as a growth promotor factor or prophylactic, often administered to an entire stock of animals [ 93 , 94 ]. Manure and other animal waste, as well as wastewater from farms, could be contaminated with antibiotics, their metabolites and resistant strains of bacteria [ 95 , 96 , 97 ]. Their improper disposal could also contaminate food sources, further propagating their resistance [ 96 , 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Stewardship In Community Pharmacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Making the Most of Community Pharmacies? Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Measures in Community Pharmacies: A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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Community pharmacists recognize the need to implement antimicrobial stewardship activities in community pharmacies. They are in a unique position to provide triage for common primary care indications and to lower the burden of patients at general practitioners’ offices. However, research shows that, in some areas, dispensing of antimicrobials without valid prescription is still highly prevalent. Regardless of training, every community pharmacist can give his contribution to antimicrobial stewardship. One of the basic elements should be antimicrobial dispensing according to regulations, either prescription only, or according to guidelines where pharmacists have prescribing authority. Patient consultation supported with educational materials, such as leaflets, may reduce patients’ expectations to receive antibiotics for self-limiting infections and reduce pressure on general practitioners to prescribe antibiotics on patients’ demand. Treatment optimization may be achieved in collaboration with the prescribing general practitioners or by providing feedback. At last, pharmacists provided with additional training may be encouraged to provide consultation services to long-term care facilities, to introduce point-of-care testing for infectious diseases in their pharmacies or prescribe antimicrobials for uncomplicated infections. These services are welcomed by patients and communities. Expanding pharmacy services and pharmacists’ prescribing autonomy have shown a positive impact by reducing antibiotics consumption, thus ensuring better compliance with treatment guidelines.

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“…Countries transitioning toward intensive production, such as Thailand ( 12 ), may be of particular concern for the spread of animal diseases. In these countries, extensive and intensive animal production farms coexist ( 13 ), and this situation may favor the spread of AMR ( 14 ). In these countries, resources are limited, and investments in improvement of biosecurity may lag behind the rapid transition from small- to large-scale pig production systems ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

et al. 2021

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In Thailand, pig production has increased considerably in the last decades to meet a growing demand for pork. Antimicrobials are used routinely in intensive pig production to treat infections and increase productivity. However, the use of antimicrobials also contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance with potential consequences for animal and human health. Here, we quantify the association between antimicrobial use and resistance rates in extensive and intensive farms with a focus on geographic proximity between farm and drugstores. Of the 164 enrolled farms, 79% reported using antimicrobials for disease prevention, treatment, or as a feed additive. Antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were present in 63% of farms. These drugs included critically important antimicrobials, such as quinolones and penicillins. Medium-scale farms with intensive animal production practices showed higher resistance rates than small-scale farms with extensive practices. Farms with drug-resistant Escherichia coli were located closer to drugstores and a had a higher proportion of disease than farms without drug-resistant E. coli. We found no association between the presence of resistance in humans and antimicrobial use in pigs. Our findings call for actions to improve herd health to reduce the need for antimicrobials and systematic training of veterinarians and drugstore owners on judicious use of antimicrobials in animals to mitigate resistance.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective

Are We Making the Most of Community Pharmacies? Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Measures in Community Pharmacies: A Narrative Review

Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

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