Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Mexico: How serious is the problem?

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Mexico to several antibiotics and research some therapeutic options. Methodology: Positive cultures for E. coli isolated from bronchial secretions, urine, central catheter, blood, and infected wounds in the Culiacan General Hospital, Sinaloa, Mexico from 30 June 2004 to 1 July 2007 were studied. Resistance against multiple antibiotics was measured and compared by gender and the hospital unit where the bacteria were isolated. Results: In total, 1511 specimens were analyzed from men (45.4%) and women (54.5%), of which 251 were positive for E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance was highest in the neurosurgery service (58.4%). Samples included sputum (14.7%), bronchial secretions (17.9%), wounds (35.4%), urine/Foley catheter tip (35.5%), central catheter tips (5.6%), and blood cultures (7.2%). Resistance to ampicillin was highest at 91% followed by ciprofloxacin at 80.6%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 70.2%, piperacillin/tazobactam at 14.4%, and imipenem at 6.8%. Conclusions: Trimethoprim should not be recommended as an empiric option for E. coli infections and the benefit of quinolones is low. It is important to understand the resistance of the bacteria in each medical center, consider its frequency in each service within the same hospital, and take all necessary measures to ensure and create a clinical attitude of prevention.

Maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli

“…These are very similar results to those reported by Mohammed et al . in a study carried out in Libya with 1153 patients with UTI due to E. coli , including men, women and children . We considered that the use of antibiotics before hospital admission may be a predisposing factor for antibiotic resistant in our setting, because around 86% of our patients received empiric antibiotic treatment prior to their hospitalization.…”

Presence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in the San Pedro River located in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico

“…Similar results were found in a Mexican study on the prevalence of FQ resistance among E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection (Zaidi et al, 2003; Llanes et al, 2012) as well as from an environmental study (Amábile-Cuevas et al, 2010). In addition, we showed that the triple mutation profile (Ser-83 → Leu, Asp-87 → Asn in gyrA , and Ser-80 → Ile in parC ) was the most prevalent.…”

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and Non-O157 recovered from domestic farm animals in rural communities in Northwestern Mexico

“…Many factors have been proposed to contribute to antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacterial pathogens, such as the inappropriate prescription and use of antibiotics in the public, private, and agricultural sectors [ 6 – 9 ]. Moreover, data from surveillance programs in Mexico have reported an apparent increase in antimicrobial resistance of E. coli over the years [ 6 , 18 ]. In the present study, resistance to antimicrobials, belonging to classes commonly utilized in Mexico [ 18 – 20 ], was investigated in zoonotic STEC.…”

“…Serotype O157:H7 has been implicated in most outbreaks [ 1 ]; however, other non-O157 serotypes have been associated with severe human infections worldwide [ 1 – 3 ]. Recently, several reports have documented a significant increase of antimicrobial resistance in STEC O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 strains [ 4 , 5 ], and antibiotic resistance of E. coli in Mexico has increased over the years [ 6 ]. Inappropriate usages of antibiotics for treating human and plant diseases and for promoting food-animal growth are proposed to contribute to antimicrobial resistance among bacteria populations [ 6 – 9 ].…”

“…Recently, several reports have documented a significant increase of antimicrobial resistance in STEC O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 strains [ 4 , 5 ], and antibiotic resistance of E. coli in Mexico has increased over the years [ 6 ]. Inappropriate usages of antibiotics for treating human and plant diseases and for promoting food-animal growth are proposed to contribute to antimicrobial resistance among bacteria populations [ 6 – 9 ]. Moreover, the use of antimicrobials to treat STEC infections is controversial since they can induce Shiga toxin (Stx) production, resulting in HUS in humans [ 10 – 12 ].…”