Antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence factors of enterococci isolates in hospitalized burn patients

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the antimicrobial resistance and genes encoding virulence factors of enterococci isolated in hospitalized burn patients in a major burn center in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. A total of 340 bacterial isolates were collected from the burn center from February 2014 to February 2015. The antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC of vancomycin were determined using the disk diffusion and micro-agar dilution techniques. The genus and species-specific genes, potential virulence genes, and vanA and vanB genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsAccording to our results, out of the 340 bacterial isolates, 16.4% (n = 56) were identified as enterococci. Out of the 56 enterococcal isolates, 35 (62.5%) were Enterococcus faecalis and 21 (37.5%) were Enterococcus faecium. More than 20% (n = 5) of E. faecium demonstrated resistance to vancomycin. The gelE and asa genes were the most prevalent virulence genes in E. faecalis (48.5%) and E. faecium (43%) isolates. The emergence of vancomycin resistant E. faecium strains which have several virulence factors should be considered as a major cause of concern for burn centers. Control and management of infections induced by enterococci should be regarded as highly important in burn patients.

Prevalence and associated factors of delayed first antenatal care booking among reproductive age women in Ethiopia; a multilevel analysis of EDHS 2016 data

“…This finding is consistent with studies done in the Kembata Tembaro zone, Hadiya zone and a study done using EDHS 2011 [31,38,39]. This proportion of pregnant women who booked late was found lower compared to different studies conducted in Africa and Ethiopia [10, 23-27, 29, 34, 35] and higher than different studies conducted in different countries [28,30,32,33,36,37]. The discrepancy might be due to most of the indicated studies are institution-based with small sample size.…”

“…Specifically, in Africa, late ANC booking is still a devastating issue which ranges from 44% in Cameroon and 86.6% in Zambia [10,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. Ethiopia is also one of the developing African countries with a high prevalence of late ANC initiation which ranges from 42% in Addis Ababa to 81.8% in western Wolega [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Improved detection of esp, hyl, asa1, gelE, cylA virulence genes among clinical isolates of Enterococci

“…As reported earlier, hyl was detected only in E. faecium [33]. Nevertheless, a few studies have reported the incidence of hyl in both species [29,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. Significant difference was observed in the VF score between species.…”

“…Nevertheless, the presence of virulence determinants in the clinical isolates might contribute to increased severity as they could be expressed under optimum conditions in vivo. Metadata of the previous studies on the detection of virulence genes of enterococci by multiplex/duplex/simplex PCR is depicted in Additional file 1: Table S1 [18,27,29,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

Magnitude of underweight, wasting and stunting among HIV positive children in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Twenty two studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis [ 18 , 25 – 45 ]. Of them 12 studies were done in Ethiopia [ 18 , 25 – 34 , 37 ], 1 in Kenya [ 41 ], while 2 were in Uganda [ 38 , 39 ], 1 in Rwanda [ 35 ], and 6 in Tanzania [ 36 , 40 , 42 – 45 ]. Based on the study design used 14 studies were done by cross-sectional study design [ 18 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 – 35 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 45 ] and while other 8 studies were conducted by cohort study design [ 25 , 27 – 29 , 32 , 36 , 39 , 42 , 44 ].…”