Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Among Major Bacterial Pathogens in Southern Babil, Iraq

Abstract

Background: At present, drug-resistant pathogens are considered one of the major increasing causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. The data on microorganisms' resistance assist define the best available treatment for patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial-resistant profile of different drugs in major clinical pathogens of urine, ear and wound infections.
 Methods: This study was conducted in Al-Shomali General Hospital, Southern Babil, Iraq from October 2019 to May 2020. Totally 67 clinical specimens obtained from the wound, urine, and ear discharge collected from hospitalized patients as well as 30 healthy individuals participate in this study. Then, the standard microbiological methods carried outperformed to the isolated and identified bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using different antimicrobial discs by applying the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.
 Results: Totally, 67 bacterial isolates were obtained from 44 (66%) female and 23 (34%) male patients. Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were the most common predominant organisms. All isolates were showed a high rate of resistance to evaluated cephalosporins 100% and 87% to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone respectively, while very low resistance recorded in Aminoglycosides 22% and 12% to Gentamicin and amikacin, respectively.
 Conclusion: These results suggest a constant screening for the detection of antibiotic resistance, as well as developing antimicrobial stewardship programs in Babil, Iraq. Moreover, these bacterial isolates have shown multidrug resistance, mainly to commonly administered drugs that could cause therapy ineffective. Therefore, in clinical use, appropriate treatment should be chosen based on the results obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Cultivated in Baghdad: Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential against Endodontic Pathogens

“…In addition, the properties of extracts are influenced by several factors, such as plant components and fresh or dried varieties, which are in turn affected by climate, harvesting time, extraction method, solvent type, and stability of components [ 97 ]. Another plausible reason could be the use of Iraqi-isolated bacterial species that may be more resistant to antimicrobial agents [ 98 ]. In particular, the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Iraq may be related to the unnecessary use of antibiotics [ 99 ].…”

Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica from chicken products and human in Wasit Governorate of Iraq

“…Although misuse and excessive use of antibiotics result in resistant germs ( Abraham et al , 2016 ). According to Al-Kassie (2009) and ( Al-Khikani, 2020 ), the usage of Antibiotics in human and poultry is important as the following:…”

Factors Impacting Knoweldge, Practice and Attitude About Antibacterial and Its Resistance by Cross Sectional Study in Iraq

“…Besides the uncritical utilization of antibiotics which ,partly, due to the lack of knowledge about proper use of antibiotics in these populations .A review study found that in excess of one-third of low and middle income populations had a lack of information about antimicrobial drugs and their action (9). also there is a clear deficiency of reliable research and surveillance programs about AMR (10). As the database of clinical trials library stated that despite there are 268 ongoing studies about AMR ,only 16 of these studies conducted in Middle East and no study from Iraq till the current study (11).Therefore our study aimed to collect data reflecting the state of knowledge, attitude and use of antibiotics within the Iraqi community and exploring the patient's predictive factors associated with it.…”