Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from the Nasal Cavity of Camels in Samburu, Nakuru, and Isiolo Counties of Kenya

Mutua, J.; Gitao, C G; Bebora, L. C.; Mutua, Florence

doi:10.1155/2017/1216283

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Interestingly, isolates originating from milk were more likely to be tetracycline resistant than isolates from other sampling sites. This is in agreement with previous findings of high levels of tetracycline resistance in GBS from milk [7] and tetracycline resistance being less common in GBS from the nasal mucosa in camels [38]. In cattle, treatment of mastitis with tetracycline has been shown to be inefficient and results in subtherapeutic concentrations in the udder, something that would promote development or acquisition of resistance in udder pathogens [57,58].…”

Section: The Local Context Affects the Epidemiology Of Gbs In Camel Herdssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We found a high prevalence of GBS on the nasal mucosa of apparently healthy animals, similar to the findings by Younan and Bornstein [12], but in contrast to the low prevalence described in neighbouring counties [38]. Furthermore, isolates from the nasal mucosa showed a high level of genetic diversity, with isolates belonging to all STs identified in the study, with the exception of ST616, an ST which is significantly associated with the mammary gland [39].…”

Section: Nasal Carriage Of Gbs Is Highly Prevalent In Camelssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Investigation of extramammary sources of Group BStreptococcusreveals its unusual ecology and epidemiology in camels

Seligsohn

Crestani

Gitahi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Camels are vital to food production in the drylands of the Horn of Africa, with milk as their main contribution to food security. A major constraint to camel milk production is mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland. The condition negatively impacts milk yield and quality as well as household income. The leading cause of mastitis in dairy camels is Streptococcus agalactiae, group B Streptococcus (GBS), which is also a commensal and pathogen of humans. It has been suggested that extramammary reservoirs for this pathogen may contribute to the occurrence of mastitis in camels. We explored the molecular epidemiology of GBS in camels using a cross-sectional study design for sample collection and phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis of isolates. Among 88 adult camels and 93 calves from six herds in Laikipia County, Kenya, GBS was detected in 20% of 50 milk samples, 25% of 152 nasal swabs, 8% of 90 oral swabs and 3% of 90 rectal swabs, but not in vaginal swabs. Per camel herd, two to four sequence types (ST) were present. More than half of the isolates belonged to ST617 or its single-locus variant, ST1652, with these STs found across all sample types. Serotype VI was detected in 30 of 58 isolates. In three herds, identical STs were detected in milk and swab samples, suggesting that extramammary sources of GBS may contribute to the maintenance and spread of GBS within camel herds. This needs to be considered when developing prevention and control strategies. In addition, the high nasal carriage rate, low recto-vaginal carriage rate, and high prevalence of serotype VI for GBS in camels are in stark contrast to the distribution of GBS in humans and reveal hitherto unknown ecological and molecular features of this bacterial species.

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Section: The Local Context Affects the Epidemiology Of Gbs In Camel Herdssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Nasal Carriage Of Gbs Is Highly Prevalent In Camelssupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigation of extramammary sources of Group BStreptococcusreveals its unusual ecology and epidemiology in camels

Seligsohn

Crestani

Gitahi

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the absence of inflammatory changes was not characteristic of infection by the bacteria isolated; the occurrence of these organisms in the lung tissue could have accompanied the aspirated materials. Besides, previous studies have isolated similar bacteria from the upper respiratory tract of normal camels at slaughter in Athi River, Kenya (Mutua et al, 2017). Pulmonary blood aspiration observed in this study can be attributed to lack of stunning during the slaughter process; in which the loss of consciousness is prolonged, leading to aspiration of blood (Gregory et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Causes of organ condemnations in cattle at slaughter and associated financial losses in Siaya County, Kenya

A.¹,

D.²,

C.³

et al. 2020

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Cattle production is an important economic activity worldwide. Its potential, however, is not fully maximized owing to disease conditions, some causing condemnation and wastage of edible organs at slaughter and a threat of zoonoses. This work aimed at establishing definitive causes of organ condemnation and financial losses in cattle from three slaughterhouses (Kaumara, Siaya, and Ugunja) in Siaya County, Kenya, through a cross-sectional study. Out of 112 cattle slaughtered, 75 (67%) had one or more organs condemned. Parasitic infestations [hepatic fasciolosis due to Fasciola infection 58 (51.8%), pimply guts/Oesophagostomiasis 28 (25%) and hepatic hydatidosis 1 (0.9%)], were major causes. Others were pulmonary blood aspiration from lack of stunning 2 (1.8%), inflammatory conditions [muscle abscess due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection 1 (0.9%)] and splenomegaly [from congestion 1 (0.9%) and hemosiderosis 1 (0.9%)], consequently, 198 kg of edible meat amounting to Kenya Shillings. 94,470 (US$. 935) was lost. The study demonstrated that controllable parasitic and bacterial conditions, as well as poor slaughtering techniques, caused condemnation of the organs, leading to loss of edible organs for consumers and heavy economic losses to livestock farmers and traders. Additionally, the occurrence of hepatic fasciolosis and hydatidosis suggested a possible zoonotic risk. Sensitization of cattle farmers on measures of controlling the conditions at farm level and slaughterhouse workers towards proper slaughter techniques is recommended. Further research using methods such as molecular techniques is needed to determine possible zoonotic transmission.

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“…Nearly 68% of respondents agreed that the inappropriate use of antibiotics in animals can have a negative impact on human health. Most antibiotics used in animals belong to the same classes of antimicrobials used in human medicine [17,67]. In some African countries, including Senegal, more than 80% of animal products contain drug residues [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

et al. 2018

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Background: Bacterial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. One solution to this scourge is to sensitize the general public on rational use of antibiotics. Our goal was to assess people’s knowledge and opinions about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in an urban setting. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was done. A questionnaire was administered to 400 persons during face-to-face interviews. Results: Most respondents thought that antibiotics are effective against colds/flu (69.8%), cough (72.3%) and sore throat (64.4%). At the same time, 42.8% stated that antibiotic therapy can be stopped as soon as the symptoms disappear. Only 8.8% and 41.8% of people knew that handwashing and vaccination prevented bacterial resistance. Globally, 7% of people had a good knowledge. Socio-demographic variables were not associated with the level of knowledge. The main sources of information were entourage and pharmacy staff. Regarding the opinions, 78.3% of surveyed participants the people thought that that people overuse antibiotics. Additionally, 28% said that they have no role to play against bacterial resistance. Conclusion: People living in an urban setting had a low knowledge about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance. There is a need to implement awareness campaigns. Further studies on population practices toward antibiotic use are necessary.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from the Nasal Cavity of Camels in Samburu, Nakuru, and Isiolo Counties of Kenya

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Investigation of extramammary sources of Group BStreptococcusreveals its unusual ecology and epidemiology in camels

Investigation of extramammary sources of Group BStreptococcusreveals its unusual ecology and epidemiology in camels

Causes of organ condemnations in cattle at slaughter and associated financial losses in Siaya County, Kenya

Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

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